1 Section of Neurosurgery, University of Manitoba, GB1, 820 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, MB, R3A 1R9, Canada. ghawryluk@hsc.mb.ca.
2 School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
3 Neuro-Intensive Care, Department of Neurosciences, San Gerardo Hospital, ASST-MONZA, Monza, Italy.
4 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital and University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK.
5 Department and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven and KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 7003, 63 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
6 Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, San Martino Research Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
7 Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, Milan University, Milan, Italy.
8 Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
9 Neurosurgery, Neurotrauma, Department of Neurological Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Global Health, Harborview Medical Center, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Ave, Mailstop 359766, Seattle, WA, 98104-2499, USA.