Anatomical variations in the Circle of Willis and the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Lu Feng; He-Jiao Mao; Ding-Ding Zhang; Yi-Cheng Zhu; Fei Han

doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.1098950

Anatomical variations in the Circle of Willis and the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Front Neurol. 2023 Jan 16:13:1098950. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1098950. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Lu Feng¹, He-Jiao Mao¹, Ding-Ding Zhang², Yi-Cheng Zhu¹, Fei Han¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
² Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Background: The anterior (AcomA) and posterior communicating arteries (PcomA) are two of the most frequent sites for intracranial aneurysms. Anatomical variations in the Circle of Willis (COW) are frequently observed in patients with AcomA and PcomA aneurysms. Strong evidence is needed to determine the pooled estimate of the effect of COW variations on the formation and rupture of these aneurysms.

Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to establish the effect of COW variations on the formation and rupture of AcomA and PcomA aneurysms using available studies.

Summary of review: PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published in English before September 21, 2022. Studies investigating AcomA aneurysms and the hypoplastic/aplastic A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery and PcomA aneurysms and hypoplastic/aplastic PcomA or fetal-type posterior cerebral artery (FTP) were included. The heterogeneity of the studies was assessed using Cochran Q-test and I² statistic. Pooled estimate was assessed using either a random- or fixed-effects model based on the heterogeneity of the studies. Among the 4,932 studies, 21 were eligible and included in the analysis. The presence of hypoplastic/aplastic A1 was significantly correlated with the formation [OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 7.97 (5.58, 11.39), P < 0.001] and rupture [OR (95%CI) = 1.87 (1.29, 2.72), P < 0.001] of AcomA aneurysms. Significant associations between FTP and both the formation [OR (95%CI) = 2.15 (1.41, 3.30), P < 0.001] and rupture [OR (95%CI) = 1.72 (1.26, 2.36), P < 0.001] of PcomA aneurysms were observed.

Conclusions: Significant associations were observed between COW variations and both the formation and rupture of AcomA and PcomA aneurysms. This can help in determining interventions for patients with aneurysms.

Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=225149, identifier: CRD42021225149.

Keywords: Circle of Willis; anterior communicating artery; intracranial aneurysm; posterior communicating artery; rupture; variation.

Publication types

Systematic Review

Grants and funding

The study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 82271368), and the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (grant number: 2022-PUMCH-A-068).