Synthesis of bioinspired sorbent and their exploitation for methylene blue remediation

Fazal Haq; Mehwish Kiran; Sampath Chinnam; Arshad Farid; Rizwan Ullah Khan; Ghazanfar Ullah; Ahmed Muteb Aljuwayid; Mohamed A Habila; Muhammad Mubashir

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138000

Synthesis of bioinspired sorbent and their exploitation for methylene blue remediation

Chemosphere. 2023 Apr:321:138000. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138000. Epub 2023 Jan 29.

Authors

Fazal Haq¹, Mehwish Kiran², Sampath Chinnam³, Arshad Farid⁴, Rizwan Ullah Khan¹, Ghazanfar Ullah⁵, Ahmed Muteb Aljuwayid⁶, Mohamed A Habila⁶, Muhammad Mubashir⁷

Affiliations

¹ Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, 29050, Pakistan.
² Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, 29050, Pakistan.
³ Department of Chemistry, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology (Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560054, India.
⁴ Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, 29050, Pakistan. Electronic address: arshadfarid@gu.edu.pk.
⁵ Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, 29050, Pakistan; Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44, Leuven, 3001, Belgium.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address: engr.mubashir37@gmail.com.

PMID: 36724851
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138000

Abstract

In this research article, novel starch phosphate grafted polyvinyl imidazole (StP-g-PIMDZs) was synthesized. Firstly, a phosphate group was attached to starch polymer via a phosphorylation reaction. Next, 1-vinyl imidazole (VIMDZ) was grafted on the backbone of starch phosphate (StP) through a free radical polymerization reaction. The synthesis of these modified starches was confirmed by ¹H NMR, ³¹P NMR and FT-IR techniques. The grafting of vinyl imidazole onto StP diminished the crystallinity. Due to the insertion of the aromatic imidazole ring, the StP-g-PIMDZs demonstrated greater thermal stability. The StP and StP-g-PIMDZs were used as sorbents for the adsorption of methylene blue dye (MBD) from the model solution. The maximum removal percentage for starch, StP, StP-g-PIMDZ 1, StP-g-PIMDZ 2 and StP-g-PIMDZ 3 was found to be 60.6%, 66.7%, 74.2%, 85.3 and 95.4%, respectively. The Pseudo second order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm were best suited to the experimental data with R² = 0.999 and 0.99, respectively. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous, endothermic and favored chemi-sorption mechanism.

Keywords: Adsorption; Grafting; Isotherms; Methylene blue; Phosphorylation; Thermodynamics.

MeSH terms

Adsorption
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Kinetics
Methylene Blue* / chemistry
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Starch
Thermodynamics
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / chemistry

Substances

Methylene Blue
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Starch