Background: Early detection of AF is critical for stroke prevention. Several commercially available smartwatches are FDA cleared for AF detection. However, little is known about how patient-physician relationships affect patients' anxiety, activation, and health-related quality of life when prescribed smartwatch for AF detection.
Methods: Data were used from the Pulsewatch study (NCT03761394), which randomized adults (>50 years) with no contraindication to anticoagulation and a CHA2DS2-VASc risk score ≥2 to receive a smartwatch-smartphone app dyad for AF monitoring vs. conventional monitoring with an ECG patch (Cardea SoloTM) and monitored participants for up to 45 days. The Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions survey was used to assess patient confidence in physician interaction at baseline with scores ≥45 indicating high perceived efficacy in patient-provider interactions. Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 Scale, Consumer Health Activation Index, and Short-Form Health Survey were utilized to examine anxiety, patient activation, and physical and mental health status, at baseline, 14, and 44 days, respectively. We used mixed-effects repeated measures linear regression models to assess changes in psychosocial outcomes among smartwatch users in relation to self-reported efficacy in physician interaction over the study period.
Results: A total of 93 participants (average age 64.1 ± 8.9 years; 43.0% female; 88.2% non-Hispanic white) were included in this analysis. At baseline, fifty-six (60%) participants reported high perceived efficacy in patient-physician interaction. In the fully adjusted models, high perceived efficacy (vs. low) at baseline was associated with greater patient activation and perceived mental health (β 12.0, p-value <0.001; β 3.39, p-value <0.05, respectively). High perceived self-efficacy was not associated with anxiety or physical health status (β - 0.61, p-value 0.46; β 0.64, p-value 0.77) among study participants.
Conclusions: Higher self-efficacy in patient-physician interaction was associated with higher patient activation and mental health status among stroke survivors using smartwatches. Furthermore, we found no association between anxiety and smartwatch prescription for AF in participants with high self-efficacy in patient-physician interaction. Efforts to improve self-efficacy in patient-physician interaction may improve patient activation and self-rated health and subsequently may lead to better clinical outcomes.KEY MESSAGESHigher self-efficacy in patient-physician interaction was associated with higher patient activation and mental health status among stroke survivors using smartwatches.No association between anxiety and smartwatch prescription for AF in participants with high self-efficacy in patient-physician interaction.Efforts to improve self-efficacy in patient-physician interaction may improve patient activation and self-rated health and subsequently may lead to better clinical outcomes.
Keywords: Atrial fibrillation; anxiety; health-related quality of life; patient activation; patient-physician interaction; smartwatch.