Chloroplast genome sequence of triploid Toxicodendron vernicifluum and comparative analyses with other lacquer chloroplast genomes

Dan Zong; Zhensheng Qiao; Jintao Zhou; Peiling Li; Peihua Gan; Meirong Ren; Chengzhong He

doi:10.1186/s12864-023-09154-2

Chloroplast genome sequence of triploid Toxicodendron vernicifluum and comparative analyses with other lacquer chloroplast genomes

BMC Genomics. 2023 Jan 31;24(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s12864-023-09154-2.

Authors

Dan Zong^{1

2

3}, Zhensheng Qiao^{1

2}, Jintao Zhou^{1

2}, Peiling Li^{1

2}, Peihua Gan^{1

2}, Meirong Ren³, Chengzhong He^{4

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Key Laboratory for Forestry Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.
² Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China.
⁴ Key Laboratory for Forestry Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China. hecz@swfu.edu.cn.
⁵ Key Laboratory for Forest Genetics and Tree Improvement & Propagation in Universities of Yunnan Province, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China. hecz@swfu.edu.cn.
⁶ Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, China. hecz@swfu.edu.cn.

Abstract

Background: Toxicodendron vernicifluum, belonging to the family Anacardiaceae, is an important commercial arbor species, which can provide us with the raw lacquer, an excellent adhesive and painting material used to make lacquer ware. Compared with diploid, triploid lacquer tree has a higher yield of raw lacquer and stronger resistance to stress. Triploid T. vernicifluum was a newly discovered natural triploid lacquer tree. However, the taxonomy of triploid T. vernicifluum has remained uncertain. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of triploid T. vernicifluum and compared it with related species of Toxicodendron genus based on chloroplast genome and SSR markers.

Results: The plastome of triploid T. vernicifluum is 158,221 bp in length, including a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,462 bp, separated by a large single-copy region of 86,951 bp and a small single-copy region of 18,346 bp. In total, 132 genes including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes were identified in the triploid T. vernicifluum. Among these, 16 genes were duplicated in the IR regions, 14 genes contain one intron, while three genes contain two introns. After nucleotide substitutions, seven small inversions were analyzed in the chloroplast genomes, eight hotspot regions were found, which could be useful molecular genetic markers for future population genetics. Phylogenetic analyses showed that triploid T. vernicifluum was a sister to T. vernicifluum cv. Dahongpao and T. vernicifluum cv. Hongpigaobachi. Moreover, phylogenetic clustering based on the SSR markers showed that all the samples of triploid T. vernicifluum, T. vernicifluum cv. Dahongpao and T. vernicifluum cv. Hongpigaobachi in one group, while the samples of T. vernicifluum and T. succedaneum in another group, which is consistent with the cp genome and morphological analysis.

Conclusions: The current genomic datasets provide pivotal genetic resources to determine the phylogenetic relationships, variety identification, breeding and resource exploitation, and future genetic diversity-related studies of T. vernicifluum.

Keywords: Chloroplast genome; Phylogeny analyses; SSR markers; Triploid T. vernicifluum.

MeSH terms

Genome, Chloroplast*
Lacquer
Phylogeny
Plant Breeding
Toxicodendron*
Triploidy

Abstract

MeSH terms

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