Effect of Cadence on Physiological and Perceptual Responses during Eccentric Cycling at Different Power Outputs

Abstract

Introduction: The effect of cadence in eccentric (ECC) cycling on physiological and perceptual responses is, to date, poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cadence during ECC cycling on muscular activation (EMG), oxygen consumption (V̇O 2 ), and perceived effort (PE) for two different levels of power output.

Methods: Seventeen participants completed four sessions 1 wk apart: 1) determination of the maximal concentric peak power output (PPO) and familiarization with ECC cycling at five cadences (30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 rpm); 2) second familiarization with ECC cycling; 3) and 4) ECC cycling exercise consisting of 5 min at the five different cadences at either 40% or 60% PPO. PE was reported, and V̇O 2 and EMG of seven muscles were calculated over the exercise's last minute.

Results: PE, V̇O 2 , and global lower limb muscles activation (EMG ALL ) showed an effect of cadence ( P < 0.001) and followed a curvilinear function. Both low and high cadences increased PE and V̇O 2 responses compared with intermediate cadences. Although muscle activation of vastus lateralis follows a U-shaped curve with cadence, it was greater at low cadence for rectus femoris and biceps femoris, greater at high cadence for tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius medialis, and was not altered for soleus. The estimated optimal cadence was greater (all P < 0.01) for V̇O 2 (64.5 ± 7.9 rpm) than PE (61.7 ± 9.4 rpm) and EMG ALL (55.9 ± 9.3 rpm), but power output had no effect on the optimal cadences.

Conclusions: The physiological and perceptual responses to changes in cadence during ECC cycling followed a U-shaped curve with an optimal cadence depending on the parameter considered.