Characterization of graphene oxide-ziziphus seeds and its application as a hazardous dye removal adsorbent

Badria M Al-Shehri; Fatimah A M Al-Zahrani; Reda M El-Shishtawy; Nasser S Awwad; M A Sayed; Khalid Ali Khan

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-28924-2

Characterization of graphene oxide-ziziphus seeds and its application as a hazardous dye removal adsorbent

Sci Rep. 2023 Jan 30;13(1):1631. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-28924-2.

Authors

Badria M Al-Shehri^{1

2

3}, Fatimah A M Al-Zahrani⁴, Reda M El-Shishtawy^{5

6}, Nasser S Awwad⁴, M A Sayed^{7

8}, Khalid Ali Khan^{9

10

11}

Affiliations

¹ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia. balshehre@kku.edu.sa.
² Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS.), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia. balshehre@kku.edu.sa.
³ Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia. balshehre@kku.edu.sa.
⁴ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ National Research Center, Dyeing, Printing and Textile Auxiliaries Department, Textile Research Division, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
⁷ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
⁸ Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box 71452, 71524, Assiut, Egypt.
⁹ Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS.), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia. kkhan@kku.edu.sa.
¹⁰ Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia. kkhan@kku.edu.sa.
¹¹ Applied College, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, 61413, Abha, Saudi Arabia. kkhan@kku.edu.sa.

Abstract

The zizphus seeds are considered as a biomaterial residues that has been used for removing of organic industrial waste such as 2-((10-octyl-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2-yl) methylene) malononitrile (PTZS-CN) dye from aqueous solutions utilizing graphene oxide-Ziziphus (GO-Ziziphus). A batch study explored the impacts of various experimental circumstances, including solution pH, initial dye concentration, temperature, and contact time. General order, nonlinear pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, elvoich model and intraparticiple diffusion were utilized to analyze the kinetic data. The adsorption kinetics of dye onto GO-ziziphus adsorption was best mentioned by nonlinear pseudo-first order. Similarly, the intra-particle diffusion plots revealed one exponential line throughout the adsorption process. The Freundlich, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Langmuir models were employed to examine isothermal data. It provided the best fit of the dye adsorption isothermal data onto GO-ziziphus Freundlich models. Besides, the calculated free energies showed that the adsorption progression was physical adsorption. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that dye adsorption onto GO-ziziphus was exothermic and spontaneous. The combined results indicated that GO-ziziphus powder might be used to treat dye-rich wastewater effectively.