Effect of antipsychotic use by patients with schizophrenia on deceleration capacity and its relation to the corrected QT interval

Abstract

Objective: Schizophrenia patients treated with antipsychotics are at higher risk of sudden cardiac death. Decreased deceleration capacity (DC) of the heart rate is an accurate predictor of cardiac mortality. We evaluated the risk of sudden cardiac death due to antipsychotic use by assessing DC and examining the association between DC and the corrected QT interval (QTc) in schizophrenia patients.

Methods: We measured the DC and QTc of 138 schizophrenia patients. We then compared the DC of 86 age- and sex-matched healthy controls with that of 86 schizophrenia patients. We investigated the correlation of DC of approximately 138 schizophrenia patients with prescribed doses of antipsychotics using linear regression analysis. We compared the DC of schizophrenia patients with and without prolonged QT intervals.

Results: We found DC significantly differed between schizophrenia patients on antipsychotic medication and healthy controls. Additionally, DC was negatively correlated with antipsychotic use, especially chlorpromazine, zotepine, olanzapine and clozapine, in a dose-dependent manner. There was no significant association between DC and the QTc.

Conclusion: Assessing DC could facilitate monitoring and identification of increased risk of cardiac mortality in patients with schizophrenia that take antipsychotics. Assessing both DC and the QTc may enhance the accuracy of predicting sudden cardiac death.

Keywords: Antipsychotics; Deceleration capacity; Heart rate variability; QT interval; Schizophrenia; Sudden cardiac death.