Epidemiological data of national Kawasaki disease registry in Iran, 2007-2019

Leila Shahbaznejad; Ali Hosseininasab; Leila Mahboobi; Hamid Mohammadi; Hassan Esmaeili; Seyed Majid Farrokhi Far; Mohammad Reza Alipour; Iraj Sedighi; Roxana Mansour Ghanaei; Behnam Sobouti; Alireza Taremiha; Abdol Reza Malek; Keyghobad Ghadiri; Gholamreza Soleimani; Hamed Tabasizadeh; Abdolkarim Ghadimi Moghadam; Manouchehr Barak; Forood Salehi Abarghouei; Houman Hashemian; Hossein Daryani Nezhad; Hamid Reza Sherkatolabbasieh; Masoumeh Abedini-Varamini; Mohammad Bagher Rahmati; Faezeh Sadat Movahedi; Mohammad Sadegh Rezai

doi:10.3389/fped.2022.988371

Epidemiological data of national Kawasaki disease registry in Iran, 2007-2019

Front Pediatr. 2023 Jan 11:10:988371. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.988371. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Leila Shahbaznejad¹, Ali Hosseininasab², Leila Mahboobi³, Hamid Mohammadi⁴, Hassan Esmaeili⁵, Seyed Majid Farrokhi Far⁶, Mohammad Reza Alipour⁷, Iraj Sedighi⁸, Roxana Mansour Ghanaei⁹, Behnam Sobouti¹⁰, Alireza Taremiha¹¹, Abdol Reza Malek¹², Keyghobad Ghadiri¹³, Gholamreza Soleimani¹⁴, Hamed Tabasizadeh¹⁵, Abdolkarim Ghadimi Moghadam¹⁶, Manouchehr Barak³, Forood Salehi Abarghouei¹⁷, Houman Hashemian¹⁸, Hossein Daryani Nezhad¹⁹, Hamid Reza Sherkatolabbasieh²⁰, Masoumeh Abedini-Varamini²¹, Mohammad Bagher Rahmati²², Faezeh Sadat Movahedi¹, Mohammad Sadegh Rezai¹

Affiliations

¹ Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
² Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
³ Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
⁴ Neonatal Research Center, Namazi Teaching Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁵ Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
⁶ School of Medicine, Heshmatie Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
⁷ Cardiovascular Research Center, Afshar Heart Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
⁸ Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
⁹ Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children Health, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹⁰ Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shahid Motahari Burns Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Qods Teaching Hospital, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
¹² Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
¹³ Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
¹⁴ Children and Adolescents Health Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
¹⁵ Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Bahar Hospital, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran.
¹⁶ Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.
¹⁷ Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
¹⁸ Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, 17 Shahrivar Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
¹⁹ School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon, Tonekabon, Iran.
²⁰ Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Shahid Madani Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Lorestan, Iran.
²¹ Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Besat Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
²² Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Clinical Research Development Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar abbas, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Kawasaki disease(KD) is a vasculitis of childhood that tends to influence the coronary arteries. There is no national data about the prevalence of KD in Iran. This study aimed to perform a national registry in Iran for 13 years.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the data for KD extracted from medical records of <19 year-old patients admitted to tertiary hospitals in Iran between 2007 and 2019 were recorded in the national KD registry system. Age, admission date, gender, location, and presence of KD criteria, laboratory and echocardiography findings, and treatment modalities were evaluated. Complete KD was considered if ≥4 clinical criteria of the KD existed and otherwise, incomplete KD was considered.

Results: Data from 1,682 KD patients including 999(59.39%) boys and 683(40.61%) girls and male/female ratio of 1.46 were evaluated. The mean age was 3.08 ± 2.49 years and 1465(87%) were living in urban regions. The yearly incidence of the disease was between 2.62 to 3.03 from 2015 to 2019. The highest age-specific incidence was observed in children <1-year-old. Incomplete and resistant KD included 1,321(78.54%) and 9(0.54%) patients, respectively. Abnormal echocardiography was detected in 619(36.80%) patients. Leukocytosis, with dominancy of neutrophils, anemia, thrombocytosis and increased ESR and CRP were the most noticeable laboratory findings. No death due to KD disease was reported.

Conclusion: Based on this study, most of the KD cases are presented with atypical presentation in Iran. So, increasing awareness of primary healthcare workers by educating and updating their data is very important in timely diagnosis and management of the disease.

Keywords: Iran; kawasaki disease; national; registry; strawberry tongue.

© 2023 Shahbaznejad, Hosseininasab, Mahboobi, Mohammadi, Esmaeili, Farrokhi Far, Alipour, Sedighi, Mansour Ghanaei, Sobouti, Taremiha, Malek, Ghadiri, Soleimani, Tabasizadeh, Ghadimi Moghadam, Barak, Salehi Abarghouei, Hashemian, Daryani Nezhad, Sherkatolabbasieh, Abedini-Varamini, Rahmati, Movahedi and Rezai.