Curative anti-typhoid effect of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. (Leguminosae) hydroethanolic extract root bark based-on in vivo and molecular docking analyses

Michel Arnaud Mbock; Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo; Rohit Shukla; William Feudjou Fouatio; Patrick Valère Tsouh Fokou; Florence Ngueguim Tsofack; Clarice Djouwoug Noussi; Rodrigue Fifen; Augustin Ephrem Nkengfack; Tiratha Raj Singh; Bruno Lenta Ndjakou; Norbert Sewald; Fabrice Fekam Boyom; Jean Justin Essia Ngang; Onana Boyomo; Theophile Dimo

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.116209

Curative anti-typhoid effect of Detarium microcarpum Guill. & Perr. (Leguminosae) hydroethanolic extract root bark based-on in vivo and molecular docking analyses

J Ethnopharmacol. 2023 May 10:307:116209. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116209. Epub 2023 Jan 24.

Authors

Michel Arnaud Mbock¹, Raceline Gounoue Kamkumo², Rohit Shukla³, William Feudjou Fouatio⁴, Patrick Valère Tsouh Fokou⁵, Florence Ngueguim Tsofack⁶, Clarice Djouwoug Noussi⁶, Rodrigue Fifen⁶, Augustin Ephrem Nkengfack⁴, Tiratha Raj Singh³, Bruno Lenta Ndjakou⁷, Norbert Sewald⁸, Fabrice Fekam Boyom⁹, Jean Justin Essia Ngang¹⁰, Onana Boyomo¹⁰, Theophile Dimo¹¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, PO Box 24 157, Douala, Cameroon.
² Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Electronic address: fotsingrace@yahoo.fr.
³ Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Solan, 173215, H.P., India.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
⁵ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, P.O. box 39, Bamenda, Cameroon.
⁶ Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 47, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
⁸ Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
⁹ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
¹⁰ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
¹¹ Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Electronic address: dimo59@yahoo.com.

PMID: 36706937
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116209

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Detarium microcarpum is used to treat typhoid fever, a major public health problem, by indigenous population in Africa. Though its preventive activities have been documented, the curative effect is still to be confirmed.

Aim of the study: This study aimed at evaluating the curative effects of the hydroethanolic extract of Detarium microcarpum root bark on Salmonella typhimurium-induced typhoid in rat and exploring the in-silico inhibition of some bacterial key enzymes.

Study design: In vitro antioxydant, in vivo antisalmonella of the extract and in silico molecular docking assay on the isolated compounds were carried out to explore the anti-salmonella effects of Detarium microcarpum.

Material and methods: The in vitro antioxidant properties of the extract were evaluated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP tests. The anti-salmonella activity of the extract was assessed through feacal sample from Salmonella typhimurium-infected rat cultured in Salmonella-Shigella agar (SS agar) medium. The affinity of isolated compounds (Rhinocerotinoic acid and Microcarposide) from the extract were performed on four key enzymes (Adenylosuccinate lyase, Acetyl coenzyme A synthetase, Thymidine phosphorylase and LuxS-Quorum sensor) using molecular docking simulation to elucidate the molecular level inhibition mechanism.

Results: Crude extract of D. microcarpum root bark showed variable activities on DPPH (RSa50: 6.09 ± 1.04 μg/mL), ABTS (RSa50: 24.46 ± 0.27), and FRAP (RSa50: 23.30 ± 0.23). The extract at all the doses exhibited significant healing effect of infected rats, with the complete clearance. The extract restored hematological, biochemical and histological parameters closed to the normal control. The molecular docking results indicates that rhinocerotinoic acid and microcarposide present more affinity to the LuxS-Quorum sensor and Acetyl coenzyme A synthetase protein as compared to the others.

Conclusion: These results demonstrate potent anti-typhoid activities of the hydroethanolic of Detarium microcarpum root bark extract through antioxidant properties and high inhibitory affinity of its compounds on some bacterial key enzymes that justify its use as traditional medicine to typhoid fever.

Keywords: Antioxidant properties; Antisalmonella activities; Detarium microcarpum; Molecular docking; Salmonella typhimurium.

MeSH terms

Acetate-CoA Ligase / analysis
Agar / analysis
Animals
Antioxidants / pharmacology
Bacteria
Fabaceae* / chemistry
Molecular Docking Simulation
Plant Bark / chemistry
Plant Extracts / pharmacology
Rats
Typhoid Fever*

Substances

Plant Extracts
Antioxidants
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
Acetate-CoA Ligase
Agar