γδT cells in oral tissue immune surveillance and pathology

Yilong Chen; Juan Du; Yitong Liu; Zhenhua Luo; Lijia Guo; Junji Xu; Lu Jia; Yi Liu

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050030

γδT cells in oral tissue immune surveillance and pathology

Front Immunol. 2023 Jan 10:13:1050030. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050030. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Yilong Chen^{1

2}, Juan Du^{1

2}, Yitong Liu^{1

2}, Zhenhua Luo^{1

2}, Lijia Guo³, Junji Xu^{1

2}, Lu Jia^{1

2}, Yi Liu^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
² Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
³ Department of Orthodontics School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Abstract

The oral mucosa's immune system is composed of tissue-resident and specifically recruited leukocytes that could effectively tolerate a wide range of microbial and mechanical assaults. Shortly after CD4⁺ helper T cells (TH17 cells) that produce interleukin 17 (IL-17) were identified, it was discovered that γδT cells could also induce substantial levels of this pro-inflammatory cytokine. In the past decades, it has become clear that due to a complicated thymic program of development, γδT cells frequently serve as the primary sources of IL-17 in numerous models of inflammatory diseases while also assisting in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in the skin and intestine. But it wasn't until recently that we took thorough insight into the complex features of γδT cells in the oral mucosa. Most gingival intraepithelial γδT cells reside in the junctional epithelium adjacent to the dental biofilm, suggesting their potential role in regulating oral microbiota. However, inconsistent results have been published in this regard. Similarly, recent findings showed contradictory data about the role of γδT lymphocytes in experimental periodontitis based on different models. In addition, conflicting findings were presented in terms of alveolar bone physiology and pathology underlying the oral mucosa. This review provided an overview of current knowledge and viewpoints regarding the complex roles played by oral-resident γδT cells in host-microbiota interactions, gingivitis and periodontitis, bone physiology and pathology.

Keywords: bone remodeling; microbiota; oral mucosa; periodontitis; γδT cells.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review

MeSH terms

Gingiva
Humans
Immune System
Immunologic Surveillance*
Interleukin-17*
Periodontitis*
T-Lymphocyte Subsets* / immunology
Thymus Gland

Substances

Interleukin-17

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from the National Nature Science Foundation of China (81991504 and 81974149 to YL; 82101009 to LJ), the Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Young Scientist Program (YSP20200904 to LJ), the Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Clinical Medicine Development of Special Funding Support (ZYLX202121 to YL), Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Ascent Plan (DFL20181501 to YL), Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals’ Youth Programme (QML20181501 to LG).