Association of GCK (rs1799884), GCKR (rs780094), and G6PC2 (rs560887) Gene Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes among Malay Ethnics

Neda Ansari; Vasudevan Ramachandran; Nur Afiqah Mohamad; Elnaz Salim; Patimah Ismail; Mohamad Hazmi; Liyana Najwa Inchee Mat

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1760384

Association of GCK (rs1799884), GCKR (rs780094), and G6PC2 (rs560887) Gene Polymorphisms with Type 2 Diabetes among Malay Ethnics

Glob Med Genet. 2023 Jan 24;10(1):12-18. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1760384. eCollection 2023 Jan.

Authors

Neda Ansari¹, Vasudevan Ramachandran², Nur Afiqah Mohamad³, Elnaz Salim¹, Patimah Ismail¹, Mohamad Hazmi⁴, Liyana Najwa Inchee Mat⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
² Faculty of Health Sciences, University College MAIWP International, Taman Batu Muda, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
³ Centre for Foundation Studies, Lincoln University College, Selangor, DE, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.
⁵ Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor DE, Malaysia.

Abstract

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder, and the underlying causes remain unknown and have not been fully elucidated. Several candidate genes have been associated with T2DM in various populations with conflicting results. The variations found in glucokinase ( GCK ), glucokinase regulatory protein ( GCKR ), and glucose-6-phosphatase 2 ( G6PC2 ) genes were not well studied, particularly among Asians. Aims The main objective of this study was to determine the candidate genetic polymorphisms of GCK (rs1799884), GCKR (rs780094), and G6PC2 (rs560887) genes in T2DM among Malay ethnics. Methods In this candidate gene association study, a total of 180 T2DM subjects and 180 control subjects were recruited to determine the genotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and Taqman probe assay methods. Genotype and allele frequencies in case and control samples were compared using the chi-squared test to determine a significant difference. Results The body mass index, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol were significantly different ( p < 0.05) between T2DM and control subjects. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of GCK (rs1799884), GCKR (rs780094), and G6PC2 (rs560887) gene polymorphisms were significantly different between T2DM and controls ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Hence, rs1799884 of GCK gene and rs780094 of GCKR gene and rs560887 of the G6PC2 gene are possible genetic biomarkers in T2DM development among Malay ethnics in Malaysia.

Keywords: GCK gene polymorphism; Malay ethnics; biomarkers; diabetes.

The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ).