The purpose of this contribution is threefold. First, is to acquaint neuroscientists with the area of psychology known as comparative psychology. Comparative psychology is the oldest of the organized social sciences with the term appearing as early as 1808. Many of the myriad issues of experimental design routinely faced by comparative psychologists are directly applicable to neuroscience. These issues include consistent definitions of psychological phenomena, the use of Morgan's canon to reduce unbridled anthropomorphism, and observation oriented modeling as a new statistical procedure to increase replication. Second, is a discussion of early comparative methods that may be of value to contemporary neuroscientists. Third, how the comparative approach can help the neuroscientist limit unfounded generalizations across species and develop more animal-friendly behavioral testing options tailored for the species or strain of interest. The articles closes with some recommendations on how comparative psychologists and neuroscientists can work more closely together.
Keywords: Morgan’s canon; comparative psychology; definition; neuroscience; systematic variation.
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