Comparison Between the Direct Method and Friedewald's Formula for the Determination of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Serum Levels in Horses

Rodrigo M Ribeiro; Debora da Silva Freitas Ribeiro; Leticia Oliveira Cota; Armando Mattos Carvalho; Alexandre Augusto de Oliveira Gobesso; Rafael R Faleiros

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104230

Comparison Between the Direct Method and Friedewald's Formula for the Determination of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Serum Levels in Horses

J Equine Vet Sci. 2023 Mar:122:104230. doi: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104230. Epub 2023 Jan 24.

Authors

Rodrigo M Ribeiro¹, Debora da Silva Freitas Ribeiro², Leticia Oliveira Cota³, Armando Mattos Carvalho⁴, Alexandre Augusto de Oliveira Gobesso⁵, Rafael R Faleiros⁶

Affiliations

¹ Centro Universitário de Mineiros, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil. Electronic address: vetrodrigo@msn.com.
² Centro Universitário de Mineiros, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil.
³ Centro Universitário de Mineiros, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mineiros, Goiás, Brazil; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
⁴ Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
⁵ Universidade de São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
⁶ Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; CNPq and FAPEMIG Fellow, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

PMID: 36702199
DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104230

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the use of enzymatic colorimetry and Friedewald's formula for the determination of LDL in horses. A total of 260 samples were used. Direct analysis was performed to determine low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). The LDL level was calculated using the Friedewald equation (LDL= TC-HDL-TG/5). The correlations between the direct LDL analysis and the LDL calculated using the Friedewald formula were determined by Pearson's tests, and the coefficient of determination was also obtained by linear regression using SAS software (P<.05) and the kappa value. The mean value (± standard deviation) of the LDL was 22.12 (±10.34) mg/dL, and that of the result obtained by the Friedewald formula was 19.94 (±19.13) mg/dL. The correlation between the two variants analyzed in this experiment was significant, with a value of P < .001, and values of r = 0.688 and R² = 0.4893. These results are relevant, given that recent studies have demonstrated a correlation between LDL plasma values and equine metabolic syndrome. Previous studies have reported discrepancies between the data obtained using Friedewald's method and the LDL-c values directly determined in humans and animals. The results of the present study suggest that the Friedewald method can be used to estimate the LDL plasma concentration in horses. Nevertheless, the coefficient of determination was not found to be adequate to recommend the Friedewald formula as a replacement for the enzymatic colorimetric method in determining LDL in horses.

Keywords: Horse; Hyperlipidemia; Metabolic syndrome.

MeSH terms

Animals
Cholesterol, HDL
Cholesterol, LDL
Horse Diseases*
Horses
Humans
Metabolic Syndrome* / veterinary

Substances

Cholesterol, LDL
Cholesterol, HDL