Background: Data on corpus callosum involvement in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) are limited.
Objective: The objective of the study was to compare callosal lesions in MOGAD, multiple sclerosis (MS), and aquaporin-4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD).
Results: Callosal lesion frequency was similar in MOGAD (38/171 (22%)), MS (24/72 (33%)), and AQP4+NMOSD (18/63 (29%)). Clinical phenotypes included encephalopathy (47%) and focal supratentorial (21%) or infratentorial (45%) deficits. None had callosal-disconnection syndromes. Maximal callosal-T2-lesion diameter (median (range)) in millimeter was similar in MOGAD (21 (4-77)) and AQP4+NMOSD (22 (5-49); p = 0.93) but greater than in MS (10.5 (2-64)). Extracallosal extension (21/38 (55%)) and T2-lesion resolution (19/34 (56%)) favored MOGAD.
Conclusions: Despite similar frequency and imaging overlap, larger lesions, sagittal midline involvement, and lesion resolution favored MOGAD.
Keywords: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; aquaporin 4; corpus callosum; magnetic resonance imaging; multiple sclerosis; neuromyelitis optica.