Coding roles of long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: Emerging molecular diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets with special reference to chemotherapy resistance

Dharambir Kashyap; Riya Sharma; Neelam Goel; Harpal S Buttar; Vivek Kumar Garg; Deeksha Pal; Khairan Rajab; Asadullah Shaikh

doi:10.3389/fgene.2022.993687

Coding roles of long non-coding RNAs in breast cancer: Emerging molecular diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets with special reference to chemotherapy resistance

Front Genet. 2023 Jan 6:13:993687. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.993687. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Dharambir Kashyap¹, Riya Sharma², Neelam Goel³, Harpal S Buttar⁴, Vivek Kumar Garg⁵, Deeksha Pal⁶, Khairan Rajab⁷, Asadullah Shaikh⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
² Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
³ Department of Information Technology, University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
⁴ Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
⁵ Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, India.
⁶ Department of Translational and Regenerative Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
⁷ College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms have been depicted in several pathological consequence such as cancer. Different modes of epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation (hypomethylation or hypermethylation of promotor), histone modifications, abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs, and small nucleolar RNAs), are discovered. Particularly, lncRNAs are known to exert pivot roles in different types of cancer including breast cancer. LncRNAs with oncogenic and tumour suppressive potential are reported. Differentially expressed lncRNAs contribute a remarkable role in the development of primary and acquired resistance for radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. A wide range of molecular subtype specific lncRNAs have been assessed in breast cancer research. A number of studies have also shown that lncRNAs may be clinically used as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer. Such molecular biomarkers have also been found in cancer stem cells of breast tumours. The objectives of the present review are to summarize the important roles of oncogenic and tumour suppressive lncRNAs for the early diagnosis of breast cancer, metastatic potential, and chemotherapy resistance across the molecular subtypes.

Keywords: breast cancer; chemotherapeutic resistance; early diagnosis; long non-coding RNAs; non-invasive biomarkers; oncogenic lncRNA; tumour supressive lncRNA.

Publication types

Review