Effectiveness of Psychological First Aid e-Orientation among the General Population in Muntinlupa, the Philippines

Satoshi Iiyama; Takashi Izutsu; Yuki Miyamoto; John Russel Manuel Benavidez; Atsuro Tsutsumi

doi:10.3390/ijerph20020983

Effectiveness of Psychological First Aid e-Orientation among the General Population in Muntinlupa, the Philippines

Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 5;20(2):983. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20020983.

Authors

Satoshi Iiyama¹, Takashi Izutsu², Yuki Miyamoto¹, John Russel Manuel Benavidez³, Atsuro Tsutsumi⁴

Affiliations

¹ Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
² Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan.
³ Persons with Disability Affairs Office, City Government of Muntinlupa, Muntinlupa City 1781, Philippines.
⁴ Institute of Transdisciplinary Sciences for Innovation, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.

Abstract

This present study examined the effectiveness of the Psychological First Aid (PFA) e-orientation as well as face-to-face PFA orientation among the general population in Muntinlupa City, the Philippines. The e-orientation group consisted of 150 participants who received a two-hour PFA e-orientation (male: 47, female: 97, others: 6, mean age: 33.4 (SD = 12.1)), the face-to-face (F2F) group consisted of 139 participants who received a two-hour face-to-face PFA orientation (male: 41, female: 95, others: 3, mean age: 35.0 (SD = 13.8)), and the control group consisted of 117 participants who received a two-hour face-to-face health promotion orientation for obesity (male: 48, female: 65, others: 4, mean age: 34.2 (SD = 13.8)). In order to see the effect of these interventions, the confidence to provide PFAs was compared between the pre- and post-interventions in each group with paired t-tests. Further, the number of correct answers regarding the knowledge on PFA was also compared between the pre- and post-interventions utilizing a McNemar test. The results demonstrated that the mean scores on the confidence increased significantly in the e-orientation (pre: 25.1 (SD = 4.7), post: 26.1 (SD = 5.3), p = 0.02) and F2F (pre: 26.2 (SD = 6.0), post: 29.6 (SD = 6.9), p < 0.01) groups. Regarding knowledge on PFA, in the e-orientation group, the number of those who answered correctly increased significantly in a question (pre: 10, post: 24, p = 0.01), and there was a trend for improvement in another question (pre: 63, post: 76, p = 0.06). In the F2F group, the number of those who answered correctly increased significantly in two questions (pre: 21, post: 38, p < 0.01, and pre: 5, post: 14, p = 0.05), and there were trends for improvement in two questions (pre: 69, post: 82, p = 0.06, and pre: 17, post: 27, p = 0.09), while in the control group, there were no significant differences in any of the questions between pre- and post-intervention. The results suggest that both the PFA e-orientation and face-to-face orientation are effective for the general population in terms of increasing confidence and knowledge related to PFA.

Keywords: Psychological First Aid (PFA); capacity building; e-learning; mental health and psychosocial support; non-specialist.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Female
First Aid* / methods
Humans
Male
Philippines
Psychological First Aid*

Grants and funding

This study is financially supported by AMED JP19jk0110015h0103, KAKENHI 18K02102, KAKENHI 22H00925, and Kanazawa University Corporate Initiative Top-down Research Funding 2022–2023.