Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cattle in Three Districts in Central Ethiopia

Waktole Terfa; Bersissa Kumsa; Dinka Ayana; Anna Maurizio; Cinzia Tessarin; Rudi Cassini

doi:10.3390/ani13020285

Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Parasites of Cattle in Three Districts in Central Ethiopia

Animals (Basel). 2023 Jan 13;13(2):285. doi: 10.3390/ani13020285.

Authors

Waktole Terfa¹, Bersissa Kumsa², Dinka Ayana², Anna Maurizio³, Cinzia Tessarin³, Rudi Cassini³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Mamo Mezemir Campus, University of Ambo, Ambo P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia.
² Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Pathology, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia.
³ Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.

Abstract

Parasitic diseases are a major impediment to livestock production worldwide. However, knowledge about the epidemiology of gastrointestinal parasites in many low-income countries is still limited. An epidemiological survey on these parasites in traditionally reared cattle was performed in central Ethiopia (West Shewa Zone), from September 2019 to November 2021. Overall, 691 samples were analyzed qualitatively (flotation technique) and quantitatively (McMaster technique) to detect helminth eggs and Eimeria oocysts. Furthermore, coprocultures were conducted on pooled samples to identify the genera of gastrointestinal strongyles (GIS). The difference in prevalence according to agroecology, season, age, sex and body condition score (BCS) was investigated using univariable tests and through a multivariable logistic regression analysis, whereas abundance values were interpreted using a descriptive approach. The highest prevalence values were observed for GIS (50.2%) and Eimeria spp. (36.0%), whereas Moniezia spp. (16.3%), Strongyloides spp. (5.1%) and Schistosoma spp. (4.2%) showed lower values. Trichuris spp. and Toxocara vitulorum were sporadically found. A coproculture revealed that Haemonchus spp. (34.6%), Trichostrongylus spp. (25.9%) and Bunostomum spp. (19.1%) were the most frequent genera of GIS. A poor BCS was strongly associated with the occurrence of GIS, while seasonal variations were detected for Eimeria spp., GIS, Moniezia spp. and Schistosoma spp., with a higher prevalence and burden during the rainy season, and agroecology also strongly influenced different parasitic taxa. This present study increases the knowledge about the epidemiological features of gastrointestinal parasites in the context of a low-income country, suggesting a more tailored approach for their control. The use of a BCS as an indicator for the selective treatment of highly infested animals is supported by our findings, introducing a possible way to prevent anthelmintic resistance in areas where basic diagnostic services are rarely used by farmers.

Keywords: BCS; Eimeria; Ethiopia; GIS; Moniezia; cattle; prevalence.

Grants and funding

W.T. received a grant for a research mobility to Italy under the KA107 Erasmus+ program: Agreement No. 8070 between the University of Padova and Addis Ababa University.