Single crystalline CH₃NH₃PbI₃ self-grown on FTO/TiO₂ substrate for high efficiency perovskite solar cells

Affiliations

• ¹ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China. Electronic address: jinjinzhao2012@163.com.
• ² School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China.
• ³ Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
• ⁴ X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
• ⁵ Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2600, USA.
• ⁶ Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
• ⁷ Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science (SYNL), Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
• ⁸ Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China.
• ⁹ Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2600, USA. Electronic address: jjli@uw.edu.