Loss of TET2 impairs endothelial angiogenesis via downregulating STAT3 target genes

Yefei Shi; Bo Li; Xinru Huang; Wenxin Kou; Ming Zhai; Yanxi Zeng; Shuangjie You; Qing Yu; Yifan Zhao; Jianhui Zhuang; Wenhui Peng; Weixia Jian

doi:10.1186/s13578-023-00960-5

Loss of TET2 impairs endothelial angiogenesis via downregulating STAT3 target genes

Cell Biosci. 2023 Jan 19;13(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s13578-023-00960-5.

Authors

Yefei Shi^#¹, Bo Li^#¹, Xinru Huang^#², Wenxin Kou¹, Ming Zhai¹, Yanxi Zeng¹, Shuangjie You¹, Qing Yu¹, Yifan Zhao¹, Jianhui Zhuang¹, Wenhui Peng³, Weixia Jian⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
² Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
³ Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China. pwenhui@tongji.edu.cn.
⁴ Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. jianweixia@xinhuamed.com.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: Ischemic diseases represent a major global health care burden. Angiogenesis is critical in recovery of blood flow and repair of injured tissue in ischemic diseases. Ten-eleven translocation protein 2 (TET2), a member of DNA demethylases, is involved in many pathological processes. However, the role of TET2 in angiogenesis is still unrevealed.

Methods: TET2 was screened out from three DNA demethylases involved in 5-hydroxylmethylcytosine (5-hmC) regulation, including TET1, TET2 and TET3. Knockdown by small interfering RNAs and overexpression by adenovirus were used to evaluate the role of TET2 on the function of endothelial cells. The blood flow recovery and density of capillary were analyzed in the endothelial cells-specific TET2-deficient mice. RNA sequencing was used to identify the TET2-mediated mechanisms under hypoxia. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR (ChIP-qPCR) and glucosylated hydroxymethyl-sensitive-qPCR (GluMS-qPCR) were further performed to reveal the interaction of TET2 and STAT3.

Results: TET2 was significantly downregulated in endothelial cells under hypoxia and led to a global decrease of 5-hmC level. TET2 knockdown aggravated the hypoxia-induced dysfunction of endothelial cells, while TET2 overexpression alleviated the hypoxia-induced dysfunction. Meanwhile, the deficiency of TET2 in endothelial cells impaired blood flow recovery and the density of capillary in the mouse model of hindlimb ischemia. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing indicated that the STAT3 signaling pathway was significantly inhibited by TET2 knockdown. Additionally, Co-IP, ChIP-qPCR and GluMS-qPCR further illustrated that STAT3 recruited and physically interacted with TET2 to activate STAT3 target genes. As expected, the effects of TET2 overexpression were completely suppressed by STAT3 silencing in vitro.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that the deficiency of TET2 in endothelial cells impairs angiogenesis via suppression of the STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings give solid evidence for TET2 to be a therapeutic alternative for ischemic diseases.

Keywords: 5-hmC; Angiogenesis; Ischemic diseases; STAT3; TET2.

Abstract

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