Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is a clinical syndrome of jaundice, abdominal pain, and anorexia due to prolonged heavy alcohol intake. AH is associated with changes in gene expression, cytokines, immune response, and the gut microbiome. There are limited biomarkers to diagnose and prognosticate in AH, but several non-invasive biomarkers are emerging. In this review, clinical risk-stratifying algorithms, promising AH biomarkers like cytokeratin-18 fragments, genetic polymorphisms, and microRNAs will be reviewed.
Keywords: AH, Alcohol-associated hepatitis; ALD, alcohol-associated liver disease; ASCA, anti–Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies; AUC, area under the curve; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; GAHS, Glasgow alcohol-associated hepatitis score; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; NASH, non-alcohol-associated steatohepatitis; PPV, positive predictive value; PT, prothrombin time; VCTE, vibration-controlled transient elastography; alcohol-associated hepatitis; biomarkers; cytokines; miRNAs, MicroRNAs; microRNA; microbiome.
© 2022 Indian National Association for Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.