Second near-infrared window fluorescence nanoprobes for deep-tissue in vivo multiplexed bioimaging

Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2023 Feb:193:114697. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114697. Epub 2023 Jan 11.

Abstract

In vivo multiplexed bioimaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm), owing to its superiorities of simultaneous multi-channel (multicolor) observations for multiple intrinsic biomarkers, high sensitivity, deeper penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution, and high throughput, has been a growing technology in fundamental medical diagnosis and clinical applications. Among several NIR-II nanoprobes for multiplexed bioimaging, the inorganic nanoprobes based on quantum dots (QDs) and lanthanide downconversion nanoparticles (DCNPs), as well as organic fluorophores based on donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) chromophores, polymethine dyes, and lanthanide complexes are extensively suitable for intravital imaging and diagnosis of disease, exhibiting excellent accomplishments. Here, we summarize recent advances in NIR-II-emitted nanoprobes for intravital multiplexed bioimaging. Furthermore, the current challenges and potential opportunities in designing novel long-wavelength nanoprobes for deep-tissue intravital multiplexed bioimaging are discussed.

Keywords: In vivo multiplexed bioimaging; Inorganic fluorescence nanoprobes; Organic fluorescence nanoprobes; Organic-inorganic composites; The second near-infrared window.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Fluorescence
  • Fluorescent Dyes
  • Humans
  • Lanthanoid Series Elements*
  • Nanoparticles*
  • Optical Imaging / methods
  • Quantum Dots*

Substances

  • Lanthanoid Series Elements
  • Fluorescent Dyes