1 Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
3 SickKids Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center and Cell Biology Program, Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.