Decoration of graphene oxide nanosheets with carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel, silk fibroin and magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical and hyperthermia applications

Mostafa Ghafori Gorab; Hooman Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi; Amir Kashtiaray; Mohammad Mahdavi; Milad Salimi Bani; Andisheh Etminan; Nabi Salehpour; Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan; Ali Maleki

doi:10.1039/d2na00394e

Decoration of graphene oxide nanosheets with carboxymethylcellulose hydrogel, silk fibroin and magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical and hyperthermia applications

Nanoscale Adv. 2022 Nov 14;5(1):153-159. doi: 10.1039/d2na00394e. eCollection 2022 Dec 20.

Authors

Mostafa Ghafori Gorab¹, Hooman Aghamirza Moghim Aliabadi², Amir Kashtiaray¹, Mohammad Mahdavi³, Milad Salimi Bani⁴, Andisheh Etminan⁵, Nabi Salehpour⁶, Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan¹, Ali Maleki¹

Affiliations

¹ Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16846-13114 Iran maleki@iust.ac.ir reza.tab_chemist@yahoo.com +98-21-73021584 +98-21-73228313.
² Advanced Chemical Studies Lab, Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran.
³ Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Isfahan Isfahan Iran.
⁵ School of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) Tehran Iran.
⁶ Department of Medical Biotechnology, Pasteur Institute of Iran Tehran Iran.

Abstract

In this study, an efficient nanobiocomposite based on graphene oxide (GO), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) hydrogel, silk fibroin (SF), and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles was synthesized. For this purpose and in order to provide a suitable scaffold for the nanobiocomposite, GO was functionalized with a CMC hydrogel via covalent bonding. In the next step, SF was added to the synthesized structure to increase biocompatibility and biodegradability. Fe₃O₄ was added into the structure by an in situ process and the GO-CMC hydrogel/SF/Fe₃O₄ nanobiocomposite was synthesized. The synthesized structure was evaluated in terms of toxicity and hemocompatibility and finally, it was used in the hyperthermia technique. This nanocomposite did not destroy healthy HEK293T cells after 48 h and 72 h, while it did annihilate BT549 cancer cells. The GO-CMC hydrogel/SF/Fe₃O₄ nanobiocomposite has EC50 values of 0.01466 and 0.1415 against HEK293T normal cells and BT549 cancer cells, respectively (after 72 h). The nanocomposite has good potential in hyperthermia applications and at a concentration and a frequency of 1 mg mL^-1 and 400 kHz it has a SAR of 67.7 W g^-1.