Advances in bone regeneration with growth factors for spinal fusion: A literature review

Daisuke Tateiwa; Takashi Kaito

doi:10.1016/j.xnsj.2022.100193

Advances in bone regeneration with growth factors for spinal fusion: A literature review

N Am Spine Soc J. 2022 Dec 17:13:100193. doi: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2022.100193. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Authors

Daisuke Tateiwa¹, Takashi Kaito²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka, Japan.
² Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.

Abstract

Bone tissue is regenerated via the spatiotemporal involvement of various cytokines. Among them, the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), which plays a vital role in the bone regeneration process, has been applied clinically for the treatment of refractory orthopedic conditions. Although BMP therapy using a collagen carrier has shown efficiency in bone regeneration over the last two decades, a major challenge-considerable side effects associated with the acute release of high doses of BMPs-has also been revealed. To improve BMP efficiency, the development of new carriers and biologics that can be used in conjunction with BMPs is currently underway. In this review, we describe the current status and future prospects of bone regeneration therapy, with a focus on BMPs. Furthermore, we outline the characteristics and molecular signaling pathways involving BMPs, clinical applications of BMPs in orthopedics, clinical results of BMP use in human spinal surgeries, drugs combined with BMPs to provide synergistic effects, and novel BMP carriers.

Keywords: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP); Bone regeneration; Burst release; Carrier material; Combination therapy; Cytokines; Signaling pathways; Sustained release.