Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in children and adolescents against SARS-CoV-2 infection during Omicron BA.2 wave in Hong Kong

Daniel Leung; Jaime S Rosa Duque; Ka Man Yip; Hung Kwan So; Wilfred H S Wong; Yu Lung Lau

doi:10.1038/s43856-022-00233-1

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac in children and adolescents against SARS-CoV-2 infection during Omicron BA.2 wave in Hong Kong

Commun Med (Lond). 2023 Jan 5;3(1):3. doi: 10.1038/s43856-022-00233-1.

Authors

Daniel Leung^#¹, Jaime S Rosa Duque^#¹, Ka Man Yip¹, Hung Kwan So¹, Wilfred H S Wong², Yu Lung Lau³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
² Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. whswong@hku.hk.
³ Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. lauylung@hku.hk.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 subvariant replaced BA.1 globally in early 2022, and caused an unprecedented tsunami of cases in Hong Kong, resulting in the collapse of elimination strategy. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac against BA.2 is unclear.

Methods: We utilize an ecological design incorporating population-level vaccine coverage statistics and territory-wide case-level SARS-CoV-2 infection surveillance data, and investigate the VE against infection during the Omicron BA.2 wave between January 1 to April 19, 2022, in Hong Kong for children and adolescents.

Results: We estimate VE to be 33.0% for 1 dose of BNT162b2 in children aged 5-11 and 40.8% for 2 doses of CoronaVac in children aged 3-11. We also estimate 54.9% VE for 2 doses of BNT162b2, and 55.0% VE for 2 doses of CoronaVac in adolescents aged 12-18.

Conclusions: Our findings support partly preserved VE against infection by variants of concerns for children and adolescents in settings with extremely low levels of prior SARS-CoV-2 circulation.

Plain language summary

COVID-19 vaccines BNT162b2 and CoronaVac are widely used globally in children and adolescents, yet their effectiveness against Omicron BA.2 variant—a version of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that became predominant in early 2022—is not fully known. In Hong Kong, we combine population-level vaccine coverage statistics and territory-wide SARS-CoV-2 infection data, and estimate their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents during a major Omicron BA.2 outbreak. We find moderate vaccine effectiveness after 2 doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac, supporting the use of either vaccine in children and adolescents during a rapidly evolving pandemic.