Garlic and ginger essential oil-based neomycin nano-emulsions as effective and accelerated treatment for skin wounds' healing and inflammation: In-vivo and in-vitro studies

Muhammad Ibrar; Yaseen Ayub; Rabia Nazir; Misbah Irshad; Naqi Hussain; Yasar Saleem; Muhammad Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.09.015

Garlic and ginger essential oil-based neomycin nano-emulsions as effective and accelerated treatment for skin wounds' healing and inflammation: In-vivo and in-vitro studies

Saudi Pharm J. 2022 Dec;30(12):1700-1709. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.09.015. Epub 2022 Sep 23.

Authors

Muhammad Ibrar^{1

2}, Yaseen Ayub³, Rabia Nazir⁴, Misbah Irshad², Naqi Hussain⁴, Yasar Saleem⁵, Muhammad Ahmad²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Lahore Garrison University, Sector C, DHA Phase 6, Lahore, Pakistan.
² Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Main Campus, College Road, Township, Block C, Phase 1, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan.
³ Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College, Zahoor Elahi Road, Gulberg-III, Lahore, Punjab 54600, Pakistan.
⁴ Applied Chemistry Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
⁵ Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.

Abstract

Skin, largest organ of human, is directly exposed to environment and hence is prone to high rates of injuries and microbial infections. Over the passage of time these microbes have developed resistance to antibiotics making them ineffective especially in lower doses and hence, higher dosages or new drugs are required. The current study deals with designing of nano-emulsion (NE) formulations composed of garlic and ginger oils (0.1 %) with neomycin sulphate used in different ratios (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 %) and combinations. The resulting NEs were characterized for droplet size (145-304 nm), zetapotential (-3.0-0.9 mV), refractive index (1.331-1.344), viscosity (1.10-1.23cP), transmittance (96-99 %), FT-IR and HPLC and found stable over a period of three months. All NEs were also found effective against both gram positive and negative bacterial strains i.e., B. spizizenii, S. aureus, E. coli and S. enterica as compared to pure neomycin sulphate (NS) used as control with highest activity recorded for NE-2 and NE-4 against all strains showing zone of inhibition in range of 22-30 mm and 21-19 mm, respectively. NEs were also tested using rabbit skin excision wound model which potentiates that all the NEs resulted in early recovery with 86-100 % wound healing achieved in 9 days as compared to NS ointment (71 %). The studies confirmed that essential oils when used in combination with traditional drug can lead to much higher efficacies as compared to pure drugs.

Keywords: ATR, Attenuated Total Reflection; C, Centrifuge; DS, Droplet Size; FT, Freeze–thaw; Garlic; Ginger; HC, Heat-cool; NE, Nano-emulsion; NS, Neomycin sulphate; Nano-emulsions; Neomycin sulphate; PDI, Poly dispersity index; RI, Referective index; RSD, Relative Standard Deviation; Skin wounds; T, Transmittance; WH, Wound Healing; ZOI, Zone of inhibition; ZP, Zeta Potential.