The Effect of Multicultural Attitudes and Perceived Intergroup Threat on Attitudes Towards Immigrants in Portugal: A Polynomial Regression With Response Surface Analysis

Gabriela Gonçalves; Cátia Sousa; Lily A Arasaratnam-Smith

doi:10.1177/00332941221149182

The Effect of Multicultural Attitudes and Perceived Intergroup Threat on Attitudes Towards Immigrants in Portugal: A Polynomial Regression With Response Surface Analysis

Psychol Rep. 2023 Jan 3:332941221149182. doi: 10.1177/00332941221149182. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Gabriela Gonçalves¹, Cátia Sousa², Lily A Arasaratnam-Smith³

Affiliations

¹ 70985University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
² Centre for Research in Psychology (CIP/UAL) and 70985University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
³ Faculty of Business, Arts, Education and Social Sciences, 115530Alphacrucis College, Sydney, Australia.

PMID: 36596269
DOI: 10.1177/00332941221149182

Abstract

Supported by the Intergroup Threat Theory (ITT), this study analyzes the effect of multicultural ideology on attitudes towards immigrants mediated by realistic, symbolic, and zero-sum threats. With a sample of Portuguese participants (N = 404)), polynomial regression analysis with response surface methodology was used to test the effects of multicultural attitude (MA) and perceived intergroup threat (PIT) on attitudes towards immigrants (ATI). This study also tested a model in which positive MA leads to a lower PIT, and consequently to more favorable ATI. Four hypotheses were proposed; all of which were confirmed. The results further showed that the direction of discrepancy between MA and PIT can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the complex role of multicultural ideology in predicting ATI. Findings, limitations, and directions for future research are discussed.

Keywords: The world is less peaceful today than at any time in the last decade; attitudes toward immigrants; multicultural attitudes; perceived intergroup threat; polynomial regression analysis; response surface methodology.