A new approach to chemicals warehouse risk analysis using computational fluid dynamics simulation and fuzzy Bayesian network

Mohammad Javad Jafari; Mostafa Pouyakian; Parvaneh Mozaffari; Fereydoon Laal; Heidar Mohamadi; Masoud Taheri Pour; Saber Moradi Hanifi

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12520

A new approach to chemicals warehouse risk analysis using computational fluid dynamics simulation and fuzzy Bayesian network

Heliyon. 2022 Dec 22;8(12):e12520. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12520. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Authors

Mohammad Javad Jafari¹, Mostafa Pouyakian¹, Parvaneh Mozaffari¹, Fereydoon Laal², Heidar Mohamadi³, Masoud Taheri Pour⁴, Saber Moradi Hanifi⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
³ Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Health, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.
⁴ Department of Environment Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

This study aims to assess the risk of chemicals warehouse using a Bayesian networks (BNs) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A methodology combining Bow-Tie (BT), fuzzy set theory (FST), and Bayesian network was employed, in which the BT was drawn for chemical spill scenarios. FST was utilized for the estimation of the basic events (BEs) occurrence probability, and the probability of interaction among a set of variables was obtained using BNs. Pool fire scenario radiation heat flux was evaluated using CFD code, fire dynamic simulator (FDS), and the solid flame model (SFM). Fail in forklift brake system (BE1), was the most significant cause for a chemical spill. Based on the CFD model, the heat flux is 31 kW/m² at a distance of 3.5 m from the fire, decreasing to 6.5 m gradually. The maximum safety distance of 4 m is predicted by the CFD for heat flux that exceeds 12.5 kW/m²; however, SFM predicts approximately 4.5 m. According to the results, the amount of posterior risk is higher than the prior value. The framework presented in the chemicals warehouse for consequence analysis and dynamic risk assessment (DRA) of pool fire could be used for preventing the accidents and domino effects in the chemicals warehouse.

Keywords: Bayesian network; Bow-tie; CFD; Chemicals warehouse; Fuzzy set theory.