Spreading dynamics of microdroplets on nanostructured surfaces

Xiong Wang; Xiao Yan; Jiayu Du; Bingqiang Ji; Mohammad Jalal Inanlu; Qi Min; Nenad Miljkovic

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.107

Spreading dynamics of microdroplets on nanostructured surfaces

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2023 Apr:635:221-230. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.107. Epub 2022 Dec 20.

Authors

Xiong Wang¹, Xiao Yan², Jiayu Du³, Bingqiang Ji⁴, Mohammad Jalal Inanlu⁴, Qi Min⁵, Nenad Miljkovic⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, China.
² Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA. Electronic address: yan-x13@tsinghua.org.cn.
³ Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, China.
⁴ Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
⁵ Key Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, China. Electronic address: minq86@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn.
⁶ Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; International Institute for Carbon Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan. Electronic address: nmiljkov@illinois.edu.

PMID: 36592502
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.107

Abstract

Hypothesis: Droplet spreading governs various daily phenomena and industrial processes. Insights about microdroplet spreading are limited due to experimental difficulties arising from microdroplet manipulation and substrate wettability control. For droplet sizes approaching the capillary length scale, the gravitational force plays an important role in spreading. In contrast, capillary and viscous forces dominate as the droplet size reduces to smaller length scales. We hypothesize that the dynamic spreading behavior of microdroplets whose radius is far lower than the capillary length differs substantially from established and well understood dynamics.

Experiments: To systematically investigate the spreading dynamics of microdroplets, we develop contact-initiated wetting techniques combined with structuring-independent wettability control to achieve microdroplet (<500 μm) spreading on arbitrary surfaces while eliminating parasitic pinning effects (pining force ∼ 0) and initial impact momentum effects (Weber number ∼ 0).

Findings: Our experiments reveal that the capillary-driven initial spreading of microdroplets is shorter, with significantly reduced oscillation dampening, when compared to millimeter-scale droplets. Furthermore, spreading along with capillary wave propagation results in coupling between the spreading velocity and dynamic contact angle at the contact line. These findings, along with our proposed microdroplet manipulation platform, may find application in microscale heat transfer, advanced manufacturing, and aerosol transmission studies.

Keywords: Dynamics; Microdroplets; Oscillating; Spreading; Wetting.