Exposure to particulate pollutant increases the risk of hospitalizations for Sjögren's syndrome

Abstract

Objective: Numerous researches have reported the role of air pollution in the development of autoimmune diseases. However, few have evaluated the relationship between inhalable particulate matter (PM) exposure and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This study aimed to analyze the association between exposure to two particulate pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀) and SS-related hospitalizations.

Methods: Daily data were obtained on PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, meteorological factors, and hospital hospitalizations for SS between 2016 and 2021. The daily data on PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, meteorological factors, and the number of SS hospitalizations were collected between 2016 and 2021. A distributed lag non-linear model and a generalized linear model were established to explore the association between PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ exposure and hospitalizations for SS. Stratified analyses were performed to explore possible gender-, age-, and season-related differences in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ effects.

Results: Exposure to PM_2.5 was related to the evaluated risk of hospitalizations for SS (RR=1.015, 95% CI: 1.001-1.029, lag 3 day), similarly, PM₁₀ exposure had a statistically significant positive association with SS hospitalizations (RR =1.013, 95% CI: 1.001-1.026, lag 3 day). Stratified analyses found that exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ exhibited higher impact on SS-related hospitalizations in female patients and exposure to PM_2.5 was also associated with the higher risk of SS-related hospitalizations in patients aged ≥ 65 years. In addition, exposure to PM_2.5, PM₁₀ in colder season were more likely to increase SS-related hospitalizations.

Conclusion: Our findings suggested that exposure to PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were significantly linked to an elevated risk of hospitalizations for SS.

Keywords: PM10; PM2.5; Sjögren’s syndrome; autoimmune diseases; particulate pollutant; time-series.