C60 fullerene attenuates muscle force reduction in a rat during fatigue development

Yuriy Prylutskyy; Dmytro Nozdrenko; Olga Gonchar; Svitlana Prylutska; Kateryna Bogutska; Daria Franskevych; Bohdan Hromovyk; Peter Scharff; Uwe Ritter

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12449

C₆₀ fullerene attenuates muscle force reduction in a rat during fatigue development

Heliyon. 2022 Dec 21;8(12):e12449. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12449. eCollection 2022 Dec.

Authors

Yuriy Prylutskyy¹, Dmytro Nozdrenko¹, Olga Gonchar², Svitlana Prylutska³, Kateryna Bogutska¹, Daria Franskevych¹, Bohdan Hromovyk⁴, Peter Scharff⁵, Uwe Ritter⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine.
² Hypoxia Department, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv 01024, Ukraine.
³ Department of Physiology, Plant Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Plant Protection, Biotechnology and Ecology, National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Kyiv 03041, Ukraine.
⁴ Faculty of Pharmacy, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv 79010, Ukraine.
⁵ Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany.

Abstract

C₆₀ fullerene (C₆₀) as a nanocarbon particle, compatible with biological structures, capable of penetrating through cell membranes and effectively scavenging free radicals, is widely used in biomedicine. A protective effect of C₆₀ on the biomechanics of fast (m. gastrocnemius) and slow (m. soleus) muscle contraction in rats and the pro- and antioxidant balance of muscle tissue during the development of muscle fatigue was studied compared to the same effect of the known antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). C₆₀ and NAC were administered intraperitoneally at doses of 1 and 150 mg kg^-1, respectively, daily for 5 days and 1 h before the start of the experiment. The following quantitative markers of muscle fatigue were used: the force of muscle contraction, the level of accumulation of secondary products of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and the oxygen metabolite H₂O₂, the activity of first-line antioxidant defense enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)), and the condition of the glutathione system (reduced glutathione (GSH) content and the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GP_x) enzyme). The analysis of the muscle contraction force dynamics in rats against the background of induced muscle fatigue showed, that the effect of C₆₀, 1 h after drug administration, was (15-17)% more effective on fast muscles than on slow muscles. A further slight increase in the effect of C₆₀ was revealed after 2 h of drug injection, (7-9)% in the case of m. gastrocnemius and (5-6)% in the case of m. soleus. An increase in the effect of using C₆₀ occurred within 4 days (the difference between 4 and 5 days did not exceed (3-5)%) and exceeded the effect of NAC by (32-34)%. The analysis of biochemical parameters in rat muscle tissues showed that long-term application of C₆₀ contributed to their decrease by (10-30)% and (5-20)% in fast and slow muscles, respectively, on the 5th day of the experiment. At the same time, the protective effect of C₆₀ was higher compared to NAC by (28-44)%. The obtained results indicate the prospect of using C₆₀ as a potential protective nano agent to improve the efficiency of skeletal muscle function by modifying the reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanisms that play an important role in the processes of muscle fatigue development.

Keywords: Biomechanical and biochemical parameters; Muscle fatigue; N-acetylcysteine; m. gastrocnemius; m. soleus; С60 fullerene.