Background: Age is a leading contributor to the liver fibrosis rate and a gradual deterioration of optical function, but this association in older populations is still under-explored. The present study aimed to explore the link between vascular and neural retinal characteristics and the risk of liver fibrosis in 731 older adults from the population-based Salus in Apulia study.
Methods: Retinal features were obtained using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT-angiography (OCT-A). Liver fibrosis risk was taken as the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score. Generalized linear models (logistic regression) were used to estimate the association effect between each unit increase of OCT and OCT-A parameters as independent variables and a FIB-4 ≥ 2.67 score as an outcome. Generalized additive models were used to assess the non-linear association between OCT-A features and the linear FIB-4 score.
Results: Increased gangliar cell complex (GCC) thickness was inversely associated with a FIB-4 score above the cut-off in both the raw model (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99; SE: 0.01) and after adjustment for age, sex, education, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, and triglycerides (OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.97-0.99; SE: 0.01).
Conclusion: Our findings add to the growing volume of scientific literature demonstrating that liver fibrosis is associated with retinal neurodegeneration. This study raises a number of new questions, including whether OCT-A may be used to track the progression of metabolic abnormalities and define exact thresholds for predicting and classifying liver disease.
Keywords: aging; fibrosis; liver; older population; retina.
Copyright © 2022 Lampignano, Niro, Castellana, Bortone, Zupo, Tirelli, Tatoli, Griseta, De Nucci, Sila, De Pergola, Conte, Alessio, Boscia, Sborgia, Eye Clinic Research Group, Giannelli and Sardone.