Phytoremediation of fluoroalkylethers (ether-PFASs): A review on bioaccumulation and ecotoxilogical effects

Sci Total Environ. 2023 Mar 20:865:161260. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161260. Epub 2022 Dec 30.

Abstract

Fluoroalkylethers (ether-PFASs), as alternatives to phased-out per- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), have attracted mounting attention due to their ubiquitous detection in aquatic environment and their similarity to legacy PFASs in terms of persistence and toxicity. In this review, the sources and distribution of ether-PFASs in soil ecosystem as well as their toxic impacts on soil microbial community are summarized. The plant uptake and bioaccumulation potential of ether-PFASs are presented, and a wide range of the influencing factors for their uptake and translocation is discussed. In response to ether-PFASs, the corresponding phytotoxic effects, such as seed germination, plant growth, photosynthesis, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzymes activities, and genotoxicity, are systematically elucidated. Finally, the current knowledge gaps and future research prospective are highlighted. The findings of this review will advance our understanding for the environmental behavior and implications ether-PFASs in soil-plant systems and help explore the strategies for ether-PFASs remediation to minimize their adverse toxicity.

Keywords: Fluoroalkylether compounds (ether-PFASs); Microbial impacts; Phytotoxicity; Plant uptake and accumulation; Soil distribution.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Alkanesulfonic Acids* / toxicity
  • Bioaccumulation
  • Biodegradation, Environmental
  • Ecosystem
  • Ether
  • Ethers
  • Ethyl Ethers
  • Fluorocarbons* / analysis
  • Plants
  • Prospective Studies
  • Soil
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical* / analysis

Substances

  • Ether
  • Soil
  • Ethyl Ethers
  • Ethers
  • Fluorocarbons
  • Alkanesulfonic Acids
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical