Immunohistochemical Analysis of HER2, EGFR, and Nectin-4 Expression in Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Abstract

Background/aim: Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare disease, often discovered at an advanced stage at diagnosis. Nectin-4 is expressed in a broad range of patients with UTUC and is associated with poor progression-free survival. The receptors of the erythroblastosis oncogene B (ErbB) family are potential therapeutic targets for urothelial carcinoma. Herein, we aimed to investigate the relationship of nectin-4 and ErbB family receptors, namely epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in patients with UTUC. Targeted therapies for these receptors could be used in sequence or in combination for increasing treatment efficiency.

Patients and methods: We performed immunohisto-chemical analysis for HER2, EGFR, and nectin-4 using tissue microarrays. A total of 98 UTUC patients were included in the study. We investigated the impact of EGFR and HER2 expression status on recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of all patients.

Results: The percentages of patients positive for HER2, EGFR, and nectin-4 were 97%, 70%, and 65%, respectively. The co-expression rates of HER2-EGFR, HER2-nectin-4, and EGFR-nectin-4 were 69%, 64%, and 47%, respectively. The number of patients positive for all three receptors was 47%. Higher HER2 levels were significantly associated with worse CSS and RFS. Higher EGFR levels were associated with a worse CSS.

Conclusion: HER2, EGFR, and nectin-4 were highly expressed in UTUC. Combination of HER2-, EGFR-, and nectin-4-targeted therapy may be an effective option for the treatment of patients with UTUC.

Keywords: EGFR; HER2; Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma; nectin-4.