Comparison Between Physiological Scores SIPF, CURB-65, and APACHE II as Predictors of Prognosis and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study, Saudi Arabia

Safwat Eldaboosy; Zainab Almoosa; Mustafa Saad; Mohammad Al Abdullah; Abdallah Farouk; Amgad Awad; Waheed Mahdy; Eman Abdelsalam; Sameh O Nour; Sameh Makled; Ahmed Shaarawy; Hatem Kanany; Samer Qarah; Ahmed Kabil

doi:10.2147/IDR.S395095

Comparison Between Physiological Scores SIPF, CURB-65, and APACHE II as Predictors of Prognosis and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Multicenter Study, Saudi Arabia

Infect Drug Resist. 2022 Dec 23:15:7619-7630. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S395095. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Safwat Eldaboosy^{1

2}, Zainab Almoosa³, Mustafa Saad³, Mohammad Al Abdullah³, Abdallah Farouk^{4

5}, Amgad Awad^{6

7}, Waheed Mahdy^{4

8}, Eman Abdelsalam^{9

10}, Sameh O Nour¹, Sameh Makled¹, Ahmed Shaarawy¹, Hatem Kanany¹¹, Samer Qarah⁴, Ahmed Kabil¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chest Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
² Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
³ Department of Infectious Diseases, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Critical Care, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Critical Care, Alexandria Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt.
⁶ Department of Nephrology and internal Medicine, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
⁷ Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
⁸ Department of Chest Diseases, Banha Faculty of Medicine, Banha, Egypt.
⁹ Department of Internal Medicine, Al-Azhar Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Cairo, Egypt.
¹⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, King Khalid Hospital, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Background: A coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is associated with catastrophic effects on the world with high morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of physiological shock index (SIPF) (shock index and hypoxemia), CURB -65, acute physiology, and chronic health assessment II (APACHE II) as predictors of prognosis and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods: In Saudi Arabia, a multicenter retrospective study was conducted on hospitalized adult patients confirmed to have COVID-19 pneumonia. Information needed to calculate SIPF, CURB-65, and APACHE II scores were obtained from medical records within 24 hours of admission.

Results: The study included 1131 COVID-19 patients who met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups: (A) the ICU group (n=340; 30.1%) and (B) the ward group (n=791; 69.9%). The most common concomitant diseases of patients at initial ICU admission were hypertension (71.5%) and diabetes (62.4%), and most of them were men (63.8%). The overall mortality was 18.7%, and the mortality rate was higher in the ICU group than in the ward group (39.4% vs 9.6%; p < 0.001). The SIPF score showed a significantly higher ability to predict both ICU admission and mortality in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia compared with APACHE II and CURB -65; (AUC 0.89 vs 0.87; p < 0.001) and (AUC 0.89 vs 0.84; p < 0.001) for ICU admission and (AUC 0.90 vs 0.65; p < 0.001) and (AUC 0.90 vs 0.80; p < 0.001) for mortality, respectively.

Conclusion: The ability of the SIPF score to predict ICU admission and mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia is higher than that of APACHE II and CURB-65. The overall mortality was 18.7%, and the mortality rate was higher in the ICU group than in the ward group (39.4% vs 9.6%; p < 0.001).

Keywords: APACHE II; COVID-19; CURB-65; SIPF; coronavirus; mortality; pneumonia.