Synthetic Strategies for Improving Solubility: Optimization of Novel Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine CFTR Activator That Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease

J Med Chem. 2023 Jan 12;66(1):413-434. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01382. Epub 2022 Dec 26.

Abstract

Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most prevalent ocular diseases but has limited treatment options. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a major chloride channel that stimulates fluid secretion in the ocular surface, may pave the way for new therapeutic strategies for DED. Herein, we report the optimization of Cact-3, a potent CFTR activator with poor solubility, to 16d, a potent CFTR activator with suitable solubility for eye drop formulation. Notably, 16d was well distributed in target tissues including cornea and conjunctiva with minimal systemic exposure in rabbit. Topical ocular instillation of 16d significantly enhanced tear secretion and improved corneal erosion in a mouse model of DED. In addition, 16d significantly reduced mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, IL-17, and TNF-α and MMP2 in cornea and conjunctiva of DED mice.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Conjunctiva / metabolism
  • Cornea
  • Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator* / genetics
  • Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator* / metabolism
  • Dry Eye Syndromes* / drug therapy
  • Dry Eye Syndromes* / genetics
  • Dry Eye Syndromes* / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Pyrimidines / metabolism
  • Pyrimidines / pharmacology
  • Pyrimidines / therapeutic use
  • Rabbits
  • Solubility
  • Tears / metabolism

Substances

  • Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator
  • Pyrimidines
  • pyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidine