Lifestyle habits to prevent the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Analysis of Japanese nationwide datasets

Yukinori Nagakura; Maya Hayashi; Shunichi Kajioka

doi:10.1016/j.prnil.2022.06.004

Lifestyle habits to prevent the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Analysis of Japanese nationwide datasets

Prostate Int. 2022 Dec;10(4):200-206. doi: 10.1016/j.prnil.2022.06.004. Epub 2022 Jun 28.

Authors

Yukinori Nagakura¹, Maya Hayashi², Shunichi Kajioka¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1, Enokizu, Okawa-city, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan.
² The Ministry of Justice in Japan, Correction Bureau, 1-1-1 Kasumigaseki Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8977, Japan.

Abstract

Objectives: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) refers to nonmalignant hyperplasia of prostate tissue, which causes lower urinary tract symptoms and has become a global public health concern in the aging population. The purpose of this study is to identify modifiable factors, which would prevent or delay BPH development.

Methods: The association between BPH marker drugs and climate-, socioeconomic-, health condition-, and lifestyle habits-related variables was investigated by analyzing nationwide datasets which were collected in 2018, aggregated by prefecture (administrative unit), and published by Japanese ministries. Uroselective α₁ receptor blockers and dutasteride were used as marker drugs referring to BPH prevalence. Correlation analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and binomial logistic regression analysis were conducted with 47 Japanese prefectures as the unit.

Results: The variables which showed |r| > 0.5 by correlation analysis were exercise habits (r = -0.5696), smoking habits (r = 0.6116), and daily drinking (r = 0.6001) for uroselective α₁ receptor blockers, and antihypertensive medication (r = 0.5971), smoking habits (r = 0.6598), a small amount of drinking (r = -0.5292), and serum alanine aminotransferase (r = 0.6814) for dutasteride. Multiple linear regression equations were constructed by including these variables (R ² = 0.5453 for uroselective α₁ receptor blockers and R ² = 0.5673 for dutasteride). Binomial logistic regression analysis found a significant association between climate in the resident area and BPH development.

Conclusion: This ecological study, analyzing Japanese nationwide datasets, demonstrates that healthy lifestyle habits, especially avoidance of smoking, implementation of exercise in daily life, and a small amount of alcohol consumption, are important to prevent or delay BPH development. High blood pressure and high serum alanine aminotransferase are suggested as risk factors of BPH development.

Keywords: ALT, serum alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; BPH, benign prostatic hyperplasia; Benign prostatic hyperplasia; Ccr, creatinine clearance; Climate; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, hemoglbinA1c; Health condition; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Lifestyle habits; MHLW, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; NDB, National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups; Socioeconomic variable; VIF, variance inflation factor; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.