Assessing the contribution of open crop straw burning to ground-level ozone and associated health impacts in China and the effectiveness of straw burning bans

Ling Huang; Yonghui Zhu; Hanqing Liu; Yangjun Wang; David T Allen; Maggie Chel Gee Ooi; Kasemsan Manomaiphiboon; Mohd Talib Latif; Andy Chan; Li Li

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107710

Assessing the contribution of open crop straw burning to ground-level ozone and associated health impacts in China and the effectiveness of straw burning bans

Environ Int. 2023 Jan:171:107710. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107710. Epub 2022 Dec 22.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
² Center for Energy and Environmental Resources, University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX 78758, United States.
³ Institute of Climate Change (IPI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁴ The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
⁵ Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁶ Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih 43500, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁷ School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), Shanghai University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: lily@shu.edu.cn.

PMID: 36566719
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107710

Abstract

In recent years, ozone pollution in China has been shown to increase in frequency and persistence despite the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) decreasing steadily. Open crop straw burning (OCSB) activities are extensive in China and emit large amounts of trace gases during a short period that could lead to elevated ozone concentrations. This study addresses the impacts of OCSB emissions on ground-level ozone concentration and the associated health impact in China. Total VOCs and NOx emissions from OCSB in 2018 were 798.8 Gg and 80.6 Gg, respectively, with high emissions in Northeast China (31.7%) and North China (23.7%). Based on simulations conducted for 2018, OCSB emissions are estimated to contribute up to 0.95 µg/m³ increase in annual averaged maximum daily 8-hour (MDA8) ozone and up to 1.35 µg/m³ for the ozone season average. The significant impact of OCSB emissions on ozone is mainly characterized by localized and episodic (e.g., daily) changes in ozone concentration, up to 20 µg/m³ in North China and Yangtze River Delta region and even more in Northeast China during the burning season. With the implementation of straw burning bans, VOCs and NOx emissions from OCSB dropped substantially by 46.9%, particularly over YRD (76%) and North China (60%). Consequently, reduced OCSB emissions result in an overall decrease in annual averaged MDA8 ozone, and reductions in monthly MDA8 ozone could be over 10 µg/m³ in North China. The number of avoided premature death due to reduced OCSB emissions (considering both PM_2.5 and ozone) is estimated to be 6120 (95% Confidence Interval: 5320-6800), with most health benefits gained over east and central China. Our results illustrate the effectiveness of straw burning bans in reducing ozone concentrations at annual and national scales and the substantial ozone impacts from OCSB events at localized and episodic scales.

Keywords: Ground-level ozone; Health impacts; Open biomass burning; Straw burning bans.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Air Pollutants* / analysis
Air Pollution* / analysis
China
Environmental Monitoring / methods
Ozone* / analysis
Particulate Matter / analysis

Substances

Ozone
Air Pollutants
Particulate Matter