Relationship between intra-individual variability in nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors and blood glucose outcomes under free-living conditions in adults without type 2 diabetes

Eiichi Yoshimura; Yuka Hamada; Mana Hatanaka; Hinako Nanri; Takashi Nakagata; Naoyuki Matsumoto; Seiya Shimoda; Shigeho Tanaka; Motohiko Miyachi; Yoichi Hatamoto

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110231

Relationship between intra-individual variability in nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors and blood glucose outcomes under free-living conditions in adults without type 2 diabetes

Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023 Feb:196:110231. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110231. Epub 2022 Dec 21.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan. Electronic address: eyoshi@nibiohn.go.jp.
² Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
³ Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan; Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
⁴ Faculty of Environmental & Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Higashi-ku, Kumamoto 862-8502, Japan.
⁵ Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan.
⁶ Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, 2-579-1 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-1192, Japan.
⁷ Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan; Collaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka 566-0002, Japan.

PMID: 36565723
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110231

Abstract

Aims: This study determined the relationship between intra-individual variability in day-to-day nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors (meal timing, eating window, food intake, movement behaviors, sleep conditions, and body weight) and glycemic outcomes under free-living conditions in adults without type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We analyzed 104 adults without type 2 diabetes. During the 7-day measurement period, dietary intake, movement behaviors, sleep conditions, and glucose outcomes were assessed. Daily food intake was assessed using a mobile-based health application. Movement behaviors and sleep conditions were assessed using a tri-axial accelerometer. Meal timing was assessed from the participant's daily life record. Blood glucose levels were measured continuously using a glucose monitor. Statistical analyses were conducted using a linear mixed-effects model, with mealtime, food intake, body weight, movement behaviors, and sleep conditions as fixed effects and participants as a random effect.

Results: Dinner time and eating window were positively significantly correlated with mean (dinner time, p = 0.003; eating window, p = 0.001), standard deviation (SD; both at p < 0.001), and maximum (both at p < 0.001) blood glucose levels. Breakfast time was negatively associated with glucose outcomes (p < 0.01). Sedentary time was positively significantly associated with blood glucose SD (p = 0.040). Total sleep time was negatively significantly correlated with SD (p = 0.035) and maximum (p = 0.032) blood glucose levels. Total daily energy intake (p = 0.001), carbohydrate intake (p < 0.001), and body weight (p < 0.05) were positively associated with mean blood glucose levels.

Conclusion: Intra-individual variations in nutrition-related lifestyle behaviors, especially morning and evening body weight, and food intake, were associated with mean blood glucose levels, and a long sedentary time and total sleep time were associated with glucose variability. Earlier dinner times and shorter eating windows per day resulted in better glucose control.

Keywords: Dietary intake; Glucose variability; Intra-individual variation; Mealtime; Mean blood glucose levels; Sedentary behavior.

MeSH terms

Adult
Blood Glucose*
Body Weight
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2*
Energy Intake
Feeding Behavior
Humans
Life Style
Meals
Social Conditions

Substances

Blood Glucose