Polyacrylic Acid Functionalized Biomass-Derived Carbon Skeleton with Highly Porous Hierarchical Structures for Efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction of Volatile Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Anying Long; Hailin Liu; Shengrui Xu; Suling Feng; Qin Shuai; Shenghong Hu

doi:10.3390/nano12244376

Polyacrylic Acid Functionalized Biomass-Derived Carbon Skeleton with Highly Porous Hierarchical Structures for Efficient Solid-Phase Microextraction of Volatile Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Dec 8;12(24):4376. doi: 10.3390/nano12244376.

Authors

Anying Long^{1

2}, Hailin Liu³, Shengrui Xu³, Suling Feng³, Qin Shuai⁴, Shenghong Hu¹

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
² 113 Geological Brigade, Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Guizhou Province, Liupanshui 553000, China.
³ Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
⁴ Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.

Abstract

In this study, polyacrylic acid functionalized N-doped porous carbon derived from shaddock peels (PAA/N-SPCs) was fabricated and used as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coating for capturing and determining volatile halogenated hydrocarbons (VHCs) from water. Characterizations results demonstrated that the PAA/N-SPCs presented a highly meso/macro-porous hierarchical structure consisting of a carbon skeleton. The introduction of PAA promoted the formation of polar chemical groups on the carbon skeleton. Consequently, large specific surface area, highly hierarchical structures, and abundant chemical groups endowed the PAA/N-SPCs, which exhibited superior SPME capacities for VHCs in comparison to pristine N-SPCs and commercial SPME coatings. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the proposed analytical method presented wide linearity in the concentration range of 0.5-50 ng mL^-1, excellent reproducibility with relative standard deviations of 5.8%-7.2%, and low limits of detection varying from 0.0005 to 0.0086 ng mL^-1. Finally, the proposed method was applied to analyze VHCs from real water samples and observed satisfactory recoveries ranging from 75% to 116%. This study proposed a novel functionalized porous carbon skeleton as SPME coating for analyzing pollutants from environmental samples.

Keywords: biomass-derived carbon skeleton; hierarchical structure; polyacrylic acid; solid-phase microextraction; volatile halogenated hydrocarbons.

Grants and funding

This work was financially supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21976052), Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province of China ([2019]1423), and Foundation of Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Guizhou Province ([2019]16).