Background: The mortality of acute aortic dissection (AD) can reach 65~70%. However, it is challenging to follow the progress of AD formation. The purpose of this work was to observe the process of dissection development using a novel tear-embedded silicone phantom.
Methods: Silicone phantoms were fabricated by embedding a torn area and primary tear feature on the inner layer. CT scanning and laser lightening were conducted to observe the variations in thickness and volume of the true lumen (TL) and false lumen (FL) during development.
Results: The model with a larger interlayer adhesion damage required a lower pressure to trigger the development of dissection. At the initiation stage of dissection, the volume of TL increased by 25.5%, accompanied by a 19.5% enlargement of tear size. The force analysis based on the change of tear size verified the deduction of the process of interlaminar separation from the earlier studies.
Conclusions: The primary tear and the weakening adhesion of the vessel layers are key factors in AD development, suggesting that some forms of primary damage to the arterial wall, in particular, the lumen morphology of vessels with straight inner lumen, should be considered as early risk predictors of AD.
Keywords: 3D printing; CT scanning; aortic dissection; interlayer adhesion damage; silicone phantom.