Discovery of Macrocycle-Based HPK1 Inhibitors for T-Cell-Based Immunotherapy

J Med Chem. 2023 Jan 12;66(1):611-626. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01551. Epub 2022 Dec 21.

Abstract

Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) is a negative regulator of T-cell activation, and targeting HPK1 is considered a promising strategy for improving responses to antitumor immune therapies. The biggest challenge of HPK1 inhibitor design is to achieve a higher selectivity to GLK, an HPK1 homology protein as a positive regulator of T-cell activation. Herein, we report the design of a series of macrocycle-based HPK1 inhibitors via a conformational constraint strategy. The identified candidate compound 5i exhibited HPK1 inhibition with an IC50 value of 0.8 nM and 101.3-fold selectivity against GLK. Compound 5i also displayed good oral bioavailability (F = 27-49%) in mice and beagles and favorable metabolic stability (T1/2 > 186.4 min) in human liver microsomes. More importantly, compound 5i demonstrated a clear synergistic effect with anti-PD-1 in both MC38 (MSI) and CT26 (MSS) syngeneic tumor mouse models. These results showed that compound 5i has a great potential in immunotherapy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Dogs
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Mice
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases*
  • T-Lymphocytes* / metabolism

Substances

  • hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases