Sudden unilateral hearing loss and vertigo following isolated cerebellar hypoperfusion without infarction due to vertebral artery dissection

Young Seo Kim; Ali S Saber Tehrani; Hak Seung Lee

doi:10.1186/s12883-022-03024-2

Sudden unilateral hearing loss and vertigo following isolated cerebellar hypoperfusion without infarction due to vertebral artery dissection

BMC Neurol. 2022 Dec 19;22(1):489. doi: 10.1186/s12883-022-03024-2.

Authors

Young Seo Kim^{1

2}, Ali S Saber Tehrani³, Hak Seung Lee^{4

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurology, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwnag University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea.
² Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, 895 Muwang-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, South Korea.
³ Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Visual and Vestibular Disorders, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
⁴ Department of Neurology, Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwnag University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea. nmgom@wku.ac.kr.
⁵ Department of Neurology, Jeonbuk Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Wonkwang University Hospital, 895 Muwang-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54538, South Korea. nmgom@wku.ac.kr.

Abstract

Background: The definition of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is broadly accepted as acute sensorineural hearing loss of more than 30 dB over at least three consecutive frequencies in a pure-tone audiogram (PTA). Acute audiovestibular loss is common with ischaemic stroke in the territory of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA). However, cases in which SSNHL and vertigo occur with hypoperfusion alone are very rare. We describe a patient who developed unilateral SSNHL and vertigo as initial symptoms caused by cerebellar hypoperfusion by vertebral artery (VA) dissection without the occurrence of infarction.

Case presentation: A 51-year-old man suddenly developed acute hearing loss (AHL) in his left ear and vertigo. On neurological examination, he had vibration-induced right-beating nystagmus and left-beating nystagmus after a head-shaking test. Additionally, he had apogeotropic nystagmus during head turns to either side. The head impulse test (HIT) was normal. PTA showed mild unilateral SSNHL in the left ear. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) showed territorial perfusion deficits in the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) without infarction. Two months later, the patient had no vertigo but still had hearing impairment in his left ear. A follow-up PTA documented persistent unilateral SSNHL in the left ear. Additionally, perfusion computed tomography (CT) showed that perfusion deficits remained in the left cerebellum along the PICA and AICA territories.

Conclusions: Our case highlights a case of AHL and vertigo presented by isolated cerebellar hypoperfusion without infarction. It is necessary to consider the possibility of a central cause in patients with AHL and vertigo, and it is important to confirm this possibility through brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including PWI, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).

Keywords: Acute hearing loss; Case report; Hypoperfusion; Infarction; Perfusion-weighted imaging; Vertigo.

Publication types

Case Reports

MeSH terms

Brain Ischemia* / complications
Cerebellum / pathology
Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* / diagnosis
Hearing Loss, Sudden*
Hearing Loss, Unilateral* / complications
Hearing Loss, Unilateral* / pathology
Humans
Infarction / complications
Male
Middle Aged
Nystagmus, Pathologic*
Stroke* / complications
Vertebral Artery
Vertebral Artery Dissection* / complications
Vertigo / etiology