Nourishing neonatal piglets with synthetic milk and Lactobacillus sp. at birth highly modifies the gut microbial communities at the post-weaning stage

Vetriselvi Sampath; Jun Ho Song; Jinuk Jeong; Seyoung Mun; Kyudong Han; In Ho Kim

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.1044256

Nourishing neonatal piglets with synthetic milk and Lactobacillus sp. at birth highly modifies the gut microbial communities at the post-weaning stage

Front Microbiol. 2022 Nov 30:13:1044256. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1044256. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Vetriselvi Sampath¹, Jun Ho Song¹, Jinuk Jeong², Seyoung Mun^{2

3}, Kyudong Han^{2

3

4}, In Ho Kim¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.
² Department of Bio-Convergence Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.
³ Department of Microbiology, College of Science and Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.
⁴ Center for Bio Medical Engineering Core Facility, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.

Abstract

The importance of probiotics in pig production is widely recognized. However, the precise role of probiotics in regulating the gut microbiota of piglets has not been assessed extensively. Therefore, we intend to examine whether suckling pigs ingesting with synthetic milk (SM) and probiotics along with mother milk has a carryover effect on its growth and gut health at the post-weaning stage. A total of 40 [Duroc× (Yorkshire× Landrace)] neonates with an initial BW of 1.49 ± 0.28 kg were assigned to one of two treatments groups: control (CON) and treatment (TRT). Control group piglets were nourished with synthetic milk, while TRT group piglets were nourished SM with (1 × 10⁹ CFU/g) Lactobacillus sp. probiotics. The treatment group piglets showed higher (p < 0.05) body weight and daily gain at week 3 than the CON group piglets. 16S metagenome sequencing showed average demultiplexed reads and denoised reads counts of 157,399 and 74,945, respectively. The total ASV taxonomy number classified with a confidence threshold > 70% (default) on sequence alignment with the SILVA v138 reference database was 4,474. During week 1, Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Bacteroides were confirmed as the major dominant bacterial genera in both the groups at the genus level. However, during week 2, the relative proportion of Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Proteobacteria was decreased, while that of Lactobacillus and Bacteroidota was increased in pigs receiving the probiotic supplement. During weeks 2 and 3, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota phyla were dominant in both groups. During week 6, the relative proportion of Proteobacteria was slightly increased in both groups. Furthermore, Prevotella was confirmed as the major dominant bacterial genus in both groups during weeks 3 and 6. This study suggests that nourishing neonatal piglets with synthetic milk and Lactobacillus sp. probiotics from birth to 21 days would be beneficial to enhance the gut health of piglets and to overcome post-weaning mortality.

Keywords: growth performance; gut microbiome; piglets; probiotics; synthetic milk.