An improved anchor-free SAR ship detection algorithm based on brain-inspired attention mechanism

Hao Shi; Cheng He; Jianhao Li; Liang Chen; Yupei Wang

doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.1074706

An improved anchor-free SAR ship detection algorithm based on brain-inspired attention mechanism

Front Neurosci. 2022 Nov 30:16:1074706. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1074706. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Hao Shi^{1

2

3}, Cheng He^{1

3}, Jianhao Li^{1

3}, Liang Chen^{1

2

3}, Yupei Wang^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Radar Research Lab, School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
² Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Chongqing, China.
³ Beijing Key Laboratory of Embedded Real-Time Information Processing Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.

Abstract

As a computing platform that can deal with problems independently and adapt to different environments, the brain-inspired function is similar to the human brain, which can effectively make use of visual targets and their surrounding background information to make more efficient and accurate decision results. Currently synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ship target detection has an important role in military and civilian fields, but there are still great challenges in SAR ship target detection due to the problems of large span of ship scales and obvious feature differences. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved anchor-free SAR ship detection algorithm based on brain-inspired attention mechanism, which efficiently focuses on target information ignoring the interference of complex background. First of all, most target detection algorithms are based on the anchor method, which requires a large number of anchors to be defined in advance and has poor generalization capability and performance to be improved in multi-scale ship detection, so this paper adopts an anchor-free detection network to directly enumerate potential target locations to enhance algorithm robustness and improve detection performance. Secondly, in order to improve the SAR ship target feature extraction capability, a dense connection module is proposed for the deep part of the network to promote more adequate deep feature fusion. A visual attention module is proposed for the shallow part of the network to focus on the salient features of the ship target in the local area for the input SAR images and suppress the interference of the surrounding background with similar scattering characteristics. In addition, because the SAR image coherent speckle noise is similar to the edge of the ship target, this paper proposes a novel width height prediction constraint to suppress the noise scattering power effect and improve the SAR ship localization accuracy. Moreover, to prove the effectiveness of this algorithm, experiments are conducted on the SAR ship detection dataset (SSDD) and high resolution SAR images dataset (HRSID). The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the best detection performance with metrics AP of 68.2% and 62.2% on SSDD and HRSID, respectively.

Keywords: anchor-free; attention mechanism; brain-inspired; ship detection; synthetic aperture radar.