Nationwide surveillance of pediatric bacterial meningitis in Japan from 2019 to 2021 revealed two uncommon situations not covered by the recommended empiric treatment that were not rare in Japan, namely, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing-producing Escherichia coli in neonates and Listeria monocytogenes in children older than 1 month.
Keywords: Listeria monocytogenes; ESBL-producing Escherichia coli; bacterial meningitis; empiric treatment; guideline.
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