Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for T-ALL and AML

Wenwen Wei; Dong Yang; Xi Chen; Dandan Liang; Liqun Zou; Xudong Zhao

doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.967754

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for T-ALL and AML

Front Oncol. 2022 Nov 29:12:967754. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2022.967754. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Wenwen Wei^{1

2}, Dong Yang¹, Xi Chen³, Dandan Liang¹, Liqun Zou², Xudong Zhao¹

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Animal Tumor Models, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
² Department of Medical Oncology of Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
³ Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Abstract

Non-B-cell acute leukemia is a term that encompasses T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Currently, the therapeutic effectiveness of existing treatments for refractory or relapsed (R/R) non-B-cell acute leukemia is limited. In such situations, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy may be a promising approach to treat non-B-cell acute leukemia, given its promising results in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Nevertheless, fratricide, malignant contamination, T cell aplasia for T-ALL, and specific antigen selection and complex microenvironment for AML remain significant challenges in the implementation of CAR-T therapy for T-ALL and AML patients in the clinic. Therefore, designs of CAR-T cells targeting CD5 and CD7 for T-ALL and CD123, CD33, and CLL1 for AML show promising efficacy and safety profiles in clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of non-B-cell acute leukemia, the development of CARs, the CAR targets, and their efficacy for treating non-B-cell acute leukemia.

Keywords: AML; T-ALL; antigen; chimeric antigen receptor; immunotherapy.

Publication types

Review