Unveiling of the epidemiological patterns for caprine/ovine enterovirus infection in China

Junying Hu; Xiaoran Chang; Rudu Wang; Qun Zhang; Fan Zhang; Zhiyuan Zhang; Fuhui Zhang; Mingzhu Qian; Xinping Wang

doi:10.3389/fvets.2022.1025916

Unveiling of the epidemiological patterns for caprine/ovine enterovirus infection in China

Front Vet Sci. 2022 Nov 28:9:1025916. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1025916. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Junying Hu¹, Xiaoran Chang¹, Rudu Wang^{1

2}, Qun Zhang¹, Fan Zhang¹, Zhiyuan Zhang¹, Fuhui Zhang¹, Mingzhu Qian^{1

2}, Xinping Wang¹

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
² College of Animal Husbandry Engineering, Henan Agricultural Vocational College, Zhengzhou, China.

Abstract

Caprine/ovine enterovirus (CEV/OEV) infection is an emerging disease and remains largely unknown for its infection distribution, epidemic pattern, and the underlying contribution factors. Here, we report the investigation on CEV/OEV infection pattern and the underlying contribution factors by employing a sandwich ELISA kit for detection of CEV/OEV antigen. Epidemiological investigation revealed a wide range of infection rates of CEV/OEV from 19.80%-39.00% on goat/sheep farms in the major goat/sheep-raising provinces as such Henan, Shandong, Ningxia, Jilin, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, and Xinjiang autonomous region in China. Epidemic patterns and infection rates for CEV/OEV were affected by the breeds, raising mode, regions, and seasons. CEV/OEV infection rates were varied in different regions in China and significantly higher in the diarrheal herds (40.30%) than these in non-diarrheal herds (13.83%). Moreover, infection rate was higher in sheep (24.59%) than that in goats (9.84%), even dramatic difference among different breeds of goat or sheep. Out of different breeds of goat, Boer (20.13%) had the highest infection rate, followed by local breed (5.62%) and Saanen (2.61%). Among these breeds of sheep, higher infection rates were detected in local breed sheep (42.86%) and small-tailed Han sheep (35.91%) than these of Hu sheep (13.41%) and Dorper sheep (16.34%). Furthermore, raising modes were showed to contribute to the infection rate, where higher rates were detected among goats/sheep in captivity (27.10%) than these in free-range (12.27%) and semi-free range (19.24%). Additionally, CEV/OEV infection rate had obvious seasonality, while they increased from year 2015 to 2019. In summary, we investigated the CEV/OEV infection among the goat/sheep herds from different regions in China, revealed the epidemic pattern and the contribution factors to the infection, which provided the epidemiological data for future prevention and control of this emerging infection.

Keywords: CEV/OEV; caprine/ovine enterovirus infection; contribution factors; epidemic pattern; epidemiology; goat/sheep.