Toxicity of combined exposure to acrylamide and Staphylococcus aureus

Yuko Shimamura; Takuya Yui; Hayao Horiike; Shuichi Masuda

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.018

Toxicity of combined exposure to acrylamide and Staphylococcus aureus

Toxicol Rep. 2022 Apr 20:9:876-882. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.04.018. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Yuko Shimamura¹, Takuya Yui¹, Hayao Horiike¹, Shuichi Masuda¹

Affiliation

¹ School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.

Abstract

In the current study, the aim was to examine the toxicity of combined exposure to acrylamide and Staphylococcus aureus. We investigated the effect of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, on the oxidation induced DNA damaging potency of acrylamide in mouse spleen cells using an Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase-modified (FPG)-modified comet assay. Parameters like tail moment, tail length, and % tail DNA as indicators of DNA damage were significantly increased in the combined acrylamide and SEA treatment compared with SEA or acrylamide alone. Further, we examined the effects of acrylamide and its epoxide metabolite glycidamide on overall production of SEA, SEA mRNA gene expression, and on the formation of biofilm of S. aureus. Acrylamide significantly increased the SEA expression level and SEA production in S. aureus. Acrylamide also significantly increased biofilm formation in S. aureus without affecting its growth rate. Moreover, the addition of acrylamide significantly increased the expression of S. aureus virulence factors RNAIII and icaA in fetal bovine serum. Our results showed that combined exposure to acrylamide and S. aureus or its toxin enhanced their chemical and biological toxicities.

Keywords: BHI, Brain heart infusion; Bovine serum albumin; Comet assay; DNA damage; Epoxy compounds; FBS, Fetal bovine serum; Staphylococcus aureus; Virulence factors.